Abstract We performed uniaxial compression tests on sandstone with variable water contents (dry, natural, and fully saturated) and monitored deformation and failure in real-time using acoustic emission (AE) techniques. We propose sandstone damage variables on the basis of accumulative AE energy and dissipated energy theory. The results provide a useful framework for evaluating rock failure and structural design of rock engineering to improve service life. The peak strength of sandstone in the natural and saturated state is 18.75% and 51.70% lower than that in the dry state, respectively. The stress-time results show a gradual change of the sandstone deformation mode from brittle to ductile with increasing water content. The AE data are closely related to crack compression and formation and the propagation and evolution of new fractures, which reflect the sandstone’s internal damage. Increasing water content also shows a clear influence on accumulate AE energy but does not affect the strong increase prior to damage. The damage variables can accurately reveal the evolution of rock damage during compression.

中文翻译：

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基于声发射和耗能的含水砂岩破坏分析

摘要 我们对含水量可变（干燥、天然和完全饱和）的砂岩进行了单轴压缩试验，并使用声发射 (AE) 技术实时监测变形和破坏。我们根据累积 AE 能量和耗散能量理论提出砂岩损伤变量。结果为评估岩石破坏和岩石工程的结构设计以提高使用寿命提供了有用的框架。砂岩在自然状态和饱和状态下的峰值强度分别比干燥状态下低18.75%和51.70%。应力-时间结果表明，随着含水量的增加，砂岩变形模式从脆性到韧性逐渐变化。声发射数据与裂纹压缩和形成以及新裂缝的扩展和演化密切相关，这反映了砂岩的内部损伤。增加水含量也显示出对累积 AE 能量的明显影响，但不影响损坏前的强烈增加。损伤变量可以准确地揭示压缩过程中岩石损伤的演变过程。