Blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.) and silky windgrass [Apera spica-venti (L.) P. Beauv.] are becoming a significant problem in Europe. Due to the development of herbicide-resistant biotypes and unwanted side effects of herbicides, there is a need for new integrated weed management strategies to control weeds. Therefore, reducing weed infestations by targeting seed production during crop harvest should be considered. In 2017 and 2018, we estimated the fraction of the total seed production of A. myosuroides and A. spica-venti in a field that potentially could be collected by a grain harvester during winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) harvest. Twenty plants of each species were surrounded by a porous net before flowering to trap shed seeds during reproductive development. Seeds were collected and counted weekly up until and immediately before wheat harvest, and the ratio of harvestable seeds to shed seeds during the growing season was determined. Alopecurus myosuroides produced on average 953 seeds plant−1 in 2017 and 3,337 seeds plant−1 in 2018. In 2017 and 2018, 29% and 37% of the total A. myosuroides seeds produced, respectively, were retained on plants at maturity. Apera spica-venti produced on average 1,192 seeds plant−1 in 2017 and 5,678 seeds plant−1 in 2018, and retained 53% and 16% of the seeds at harvest, respectively. If a grain harvester potentially collected approximately 30% of the total seed production of the two grass weeds and removed or killed them, it would reduce seed input to the soil seedbank. However, such methods cannot stand alone to reduce weed pressure.

中文翻译：

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小麦收获时黑草 (Alopecurus myosuroides) 和丝状风草 (Apera spica-venti) 成熟时的种子生产和保留

黑草 (大穗赤霉Huds.) 和柔滑的风草 [尖嘴蒺藜(L.) P. Beauv.] 正在成为欧洲的一个重大问题。由于抗除草剂生物型的发展和除草剂的不良副作用，需要新的综合杂草管理策略来控制杂草。因此，应考虑在作物收获期间通过以种子生产为目标来减少杂草侵扰。在 2017 年和 2018 年，我们估计了总种子产量的比例A. myosuroides和A. spica-venti在冬小麦期间可能由谷物收割机收集的田地中（小麦L.) 收获。每个物种的 20 株植物在开花前被多孔网包围，以在生殖发育期间捕获脱落的种子。每周收集种子并计数，直到和即将收获小麦，并确定生长季节期间可收获种子与脱落种子的比率。大穗赤霉平均生产 953 种子植物-12017 年和 3,337 种子厂-12018 年，2017 年和 2018 年分别占总量的 29% 和 37%A. myosuroides分别产生的种子在成熟时保留在植物上。尖嘴蒺藜平均生产 1,192 种子植物-12017 年和 5,678 种子厂-12018 年，收获时分别保留了 53% 和 16% 的种子。如果谷物收割机可能收集两种杂草种子总产量的大约 30% 并将它们清除或杀死，它将减少对土壤种子库的种子投入。然而，这些方法不能单独用于降低杂草压力。