Biofilm is a fundamental bacterial survival mode which proceeds through three main generalized phases: adhesion, maturation, and dispersion. Lactobacilli spp. (LB) are critical components of gut and reproductive health and are widely used probiotics. Evaluation of time-dependent mechanisms of biofilm formation is important for understanding of host-microbial interaction and development of therapeutic interventions. Time-dependent LB biofilm growth was studied in two systems: large biofilm output in continuous flow system (microfermenter (M), Institute Pasteur, France) and electrical impedance-based real time label-free cell analyzer (C) (xCELLigence, ACEA Bioscience Inc., San Diego, CA). L. plantarum biofilm growth in M system was video-recorded, followed by analyses using IMARIS software (Bitplane, Oxford Instrument Company, Concord, MA, USA). Additionally, whole genome expression and analyses of attached (A) and dispersed (D) biofilm phases at 24 and 48 h were performed. The dynamic of biofilm growth of L. plantarum was similar in both systems except for D phases. Comparison of the transcriptome of A and D phases revealed, that 121 transcripts differ between two phases at 24 h. and 35 transcripts – at 48 h. of M growth. The main pathways, down-regulated in A compared to D phases after 24 h. were transcriptional regulation, purine nucleotide biosynthesis, and L-aspartate biosynthesis, and the upregulated pathways were fatty acid and phospholipid metabolism as well as ABC transporters and purine nucleotide biosynthesis. Four LB species differed in the duration and amplitude of attachment phases, while growth phases were similar. LB spp. biofilm growth and propagation area dynamic, time-dependent processes with species-specific and time specific characteristics. The dynamic of LB biofilm growth agrees with published pathophysiological data and points out that real time evaluation is an important tool in understanding growth of microbial communities.

中文翻译：

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乳杆菌属：生物膜生长的实时评估。

生物膜是一种基本的细菌存活模式，它通过三个主要的普遍阶段进行：粘附，成熟和分散。乳酸杆菌属。（LB）是肠道和生殖健康的重要组成部分，是广泛使用的益生菌。评估生物膜形成的时间依赖性机制对于理解宿主与微生物之间的相互作用以及治疗干预的发展非常重要。在两个系统中研究了时间依赖性LB生物膜的生长：连续流系统中的大型生物膜输出（微型发酵罐（M），法国巴斯德研究所）和基于电阻抗的实时无标记细胞分析仪（C）（xCELLigence，ACEA Bioscience） Inc.，San Diego，CA）。记录了M系统中植物乳杆菌生物膜的生长，然后使用IMARIS软件（Bitplane，牛津仪器公司，康科德，马萨诸塞州，美国）进行了分析。此外，在24和48小时进行了全基因组表达和附着（A）和分散（D）生物膜相的分析。在两个系统中，除D期外，植物乳杆菌生物膜生长的动态相似。比较A和D期的转录组，发现在24 h的两个阶段之间有121个转录本不同。和35个成绩单– 48小时。M增长。与24小时后的D期相比，A期的主要途径被下调。分别是转录调节，嘌呤核苷酸的生物合成和L-天冬氨酸的生物合成，而上调的途径是脂肪酸和磷脂代谢以及ABC转运蛋白和嘌呤核苷酸的生物合成。四个LB物种在附着阶段的持续时间和幅度上有所不同，而生长期相似。LB物种 生物膜生长和繁殖区域动态，具有特定物种和特定时间特征的时间依赖性过程。LB生物膜生长的动态与已发表的病理生理数据一致，并指出实时评估是了解微生物群落生长的重要工具。