A microgranule fertilizer was designed for localized fertilization of soil with controlled release of nutrients. The microgranule matrix was fortified with proteins, which were obtained from food industry byproducts or waste, i.e., whey protein from milk serum, soy protein from soy isolate and egg white protein from chicken egg white powder. The mechanism of the protein decomposition and migration of micro and macromolecule compounds through two different model soil systems was investigated. The potential of the protein fortified fertilizer for localized fertilization of the potted maize seeds was evaluated. The study revealed that proteins slowly diffused through soil with simultaneous degradation, which was accompanied with release of ammonia ions. The highest concentration of proteins and degradation products was found in a close vicinity of the microgranule. The microgranules were used as a local fertilizer for maize seeds in the pot experiments. The experiments confirmed statistically significant improvement in root density of maize plant compared to control group. Byproducts or waste of food industry, such as the milk serum and soy can be used as a source of proteins that degrade in soil without a pretreatment. The degradation is accompanied with formation of ammonium ions, which can be utilized by plants as a nitrogen source. The fertilizer microgranule should be placed in a close vicinity to the plant seed, since the maximum of the protein concentration and ammonia ions is reached at a very close distance from the microgranule.

中文翻译：

---

蛋白质强化的微颗粒肥料的营养活性机理

设计了一种微颗粒肥料，用于土壤的局部施肥，并控制养分的释放。微颗粒基质用蛋白质强化，这些蛋白质是从食品工业的副产品或废物中获得的，例如，乳清中的乳清蛋白，大豆分离物中的大豆蛋白和鸡蛋白粉中的蛋白。研究了蛋白质和小分子和大分子化合物通过两种不同模型土壤系统的分解和迁移机理。评估了蛋白质强化肥料对盆栽玉米种子进行局部施肥的潜力。研究表明，蛋白质在土壤中缓慢扩散并同时降解，并伴随着氨离子的释放。在微颗粒的附近发现了最高浓度的蛋白质和降解产物。在盆栽实验中，将微粒用作玉米种子的局部肥料。实验证实，与对照组相比，玉米植株根系密度在统计学上有显着改善。食品工业的副产品或废料，例如乳清液和大豆，可以用作无需预处理即可在土壤中降解的蛋白质的来源。降解伴随着铵离子的形成，铵离子可被植物用作氮源。肥料微颗粒应放置在靠近植物种子的位置，因为在距微颗粒很近的位置即可达到最大的蛋白质浓度和氨离子。在盆栽实验中，将微粒用作玉米种子的局部肥料。实验证实，与对照组相比，玉米植株根系密度在统计学上有显着改善。食品工业的副产品或废料，例如乳清液和大豆，可以用作无需预处理即可在土壤中降解的蛋白质的来源。降解伴随着铵离子的形成，铵离子可被植物用作氮源。肥料微颗粒应放置在靠近植物种子的位置，因为在距微颗粒很近的位置即可达到最大的蛋白质浓度和氨离子。在盆栽实验中，将微粒用作玉米种子的局部肥料。实验证实，与对照组相比，玉米植株根系密度在统计学上有显着改善。食品工业的副产品或废料，例如乳清液和大豆，可以用作无需预处理即可在土壤中降解的蛋白质的来源。降解伴随着铵离子的形成，铵离子可被植物用作氮源。肥料微颗粒应放置在植物种子附近，因为在距微颗粒非常近的距离处可达到最大的蛋白质浓度和氨离子。食品工业的副产品或废料，例如乳清液和大豆，可以用作无需预处理即可在土壤中降解的蛋白质的来源。降解伴随着铵离子的形成，铵离子可被植物用作氮源。肥料微颗粒应放置在靠近植物种子的位置，因为在距微颗粒很近的位置即可达到最大的蛋白质浓度和氨离子。食品工业的副产品或废料，例如乳清液和大豆，可以用作无需预处理即可在土壤中降解的蛋白质的来源。降解伴随着铵离子的形成，铵离子可被植物用作氮源。肥料微颗粒应放置在植物种子附近，因为在距微颗粒非常近的距离处可达到最大的蛋白质浓度和氨离子。