Mismatches between the traits of a colonizing population and a novel habitat can generate strong selection, potentially resulting in rapid adaptation. However, for most colonization events, it can be difficult to detect rapid adaptation or distinguish it from nonadaptive evolutionary changes. Here, I take advantage of a replicated prairie restoration experiment to compare recently established plant populations in two closely located restored prairies to each other and to their shared source population to test for rapid adaptation. Using a reciprocal transplant experiment six years after the populations were established, I found that one restored plant population showed evidence of adaptation, outperforming the other restored population when grown at its home site. In contrast, I detected no evidence for adaptation at the other site. These findings demonstrate that while rapid adaptation can occur in colonizing plant populations, it may not be the rule. Better understanding of when adaptation may or may not occur in these contexts may help us use evolution to our advantage, potentially improving establishment of desirable species in restored habitats.

中文翻译：

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在恢复的植物种群中快速适应（或不适应）。

殖民人口的特征与新颖的栖息地之间的不匹配会产生强烈的选择，从而可能导致快速的适应。但是，对于大多数定殖事件，很难检测到快速适应或将其与非适应性进化变化区分开。在这里，我利用复制的草原恢复实验来比较两个紧邻的恢复大草原中最近建立的植物种群，并与它们的共享源种群进行比较，以测试快速适应性。在种群建立六年后，通过对等移植实验，我发现一个恢复的植物种群显示出适应的证据，当在其原地生长时，表现优于另一个恢复的种群。相比之下，我没有发现其他地点有适应的证据。这些发现表明，虽然在殖民化植物种群中可以发生快速适应，但这可能不是规则。更好地了解在这些情况下何时或可能不会发生适应可能有助于我们利用进化来发挥自己的优势，从而有可能改善恢复栖息地中所需物种的建立。