Global warming and climate change can potentially change not only rice production but also rice nutrient content. To adapt a rice-dependent country’s farming to the impacts of climate change, it is necessary to assess and monitor the potential risk that climate change poses to agriculture. The aim of this study was to clarify the relationship between rice grain protein content (GPC) and meteorological variables through unmanned aerial vehicle remote sensing and meteorological measurements. Furthermore, a method for GPC estimation that combines remote sensing data and meteorological variables was proposed. The conclusions of this study were as follows: (1) The accuracy and robustness of the GPC estimation model were improved by evaluating the nitrogen condition with the green normalized difference vegetation index at the heading stage (GNDVI_heading) and evaluating photosynthesis with the average daily solar radiation during the grain-filling stage (SR_{grain-filling}). GPC estimation considering SR_{grain-filling} in addition to GNDVI_heading was able to estimate the observed GPC under the different conditions. (2) Increased temperature from the transplantation date to the heading stage can affect increased GPC when extreme temperature does not cause the heat stress.

中文翻译：

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利用无人机图像和农业气候数据估算水稻籽粒中的蛋白质浓度

全球变暖和气候变化不仅可能改变稻米产量，而且可能改变稻米营养成分。为了使依赖水稻的国家的农业适应气候变化的影响，有必要评估和监测气候变化对农业构成的潜在风险。这项研究的目的是通过无人飞行器遥感和气象测量来弄清稻米蛋白质含量（GPC）与气象变量之间的关系。此外，提出了一种结合遥感数据和气象变量的GPC估计方法。本研究的结论如下：（1）通过在抽穗期（GNDVI）以绿色归一化差异植被指数评估氮条件，提高了GPC估计模型的准确性和鲁棒性。_标题），并在灌浆阶段（SR_灌浆）以日平均日辐射量评估光合作用。除GNDVI_航向外，还考虑了SR_{晶粒填充的}GPC估算能够估算在不同条件下观察到的GPC。（2）当极端温度不会引起热应激时，从移植日期到抽穗期的温度升高会影响GPC的升高。