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Berberine Hampers Influenza A Replication through Inhibition of MAPK/ERK Pathway.
Viruses ( IF 5.818 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-21 , DOI: 10.3390/v12030344
Paweł Botwina 1, 2 , Katarzyna Owczarek 1 , Zenon Rajfur 3 , Marek Ochman 4 , Maciej Urlik 4 , Maria Nowakowska 5 , Krzysztof Szczubiałka 5 , Krzysztof Pyrc 1
Affiliation  

BACKGROUND Berberine (BBR) is an isoquinoline alkaloid which exhibits a variety of biological and therapeutic properties, and has been reported by some to block replication of the influenza virus. However, contradictory results have also been presented, and the mechanistic explanation is lacking. METHODS A panel of cell lines (Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK), adenocarcinoma human alveolar basal epithelial cells (A549), lung epithelial type I (LET1)) and primary human airway epithelial cells (HAE) susceptible to influenza virus infection were infected with a seasonal influenza A virus in the presence or absence of BBR. Cytotoxicity towards cell lines was measured using XTT assay. The yield of the virus was analyzed using RT-qPCR. To study the molecular mechanism of BBR, confocal microscopy and Western blot analyses of cellular fractions were applied. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Our results show cell-type-dependent anti-influenza properties of BBR in vitro which suggests that the compound acts on the cell and not the virus. Importantly, BBR hampers influenza replication in primary human airway epithelium 3D cultures that mimic the natural replication site of the virus. Studies show that the influenza A virus upregulates the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-related kinase (MAPK/ERK) pathway and hijacks this pathway for nucleolar export of the viral ribonucleoprotein. Our results suggest that BBR interferes with this process and hampers influenza A replication.

中文翻译:

小碱通过抑制MAPK / ERK途径阻碍甲型流感病毒复制。

背景技术小Ber碱(BBR)是异喹啉生物碱,其具有多种生物学和治疗特性,并且据报道,它们能阻止流感病毒的复制。但是,也提出了矛盾的结果,并且缺乏机理的解释。方法感染易感染流感病毒的一组细胞系(Madin-Darby犬肾(MDCK),腺癌人肺泡基底上皮细胞(A549),I型肺上皮细胞(LET1))和原代人气道上皮细胞(HAE)在存在或不存在BBR的情况下感染季节性甲型流感病毒。使用XTT测定法测量对细胞系的细胞毒性。使用RT-qPCR分析病毒的产量。为了研究BBR的分子机理,使用共聚焦显微镜和细胞部分的蛋白质印迹分析。结果与结论我们的结果表明BBR在体外具有细胞类型依赖性的抗流感特性,这表明该化合物作用于细胞而不是病毒。重要的是,BBR阻碍了模仿人类病毒自然复制位点的人类主要呼吸道上皮3D培养物中的流感复制。研究表明,甲型流感病毒上调了促分裂原活化的蛋白激酶/细胞外信号相关激酶(MAPK / ERK)途径,并劫持了该途径,使病毒核糖核蛋白的核仁输出。我们的结果表明,BBR会干扰该过程并阻碍甲型流感病毒的复制。结果与结论我们的结果表明BBR在体外具有细胞类型依赖性的抗流感特性,这表明该化合物作用于细胞而不是病毒。重要的是,BBR阻碍了模仿人类病毒自然复制位点的人类主要呼吸道上皮3D培养物中的流感复制。研究表明,甲型流感病毒上调了促分裂原活化的蛋白激酶/细胞外信号相关激酶(MAPK / ERK)途径,并劫持了该途径,使病毒核糖核蛋白的核仁输出。我们的结果表明,BBR会干扰该过程并阻碍甲型流感病毒的复制。结果与结论我们的结果表明BBR在体外具有细胞类型依赖性的抗流感特性,这表明该化合物作用于细胞而不是病毒。重要的是,BBR阻碍了模仿人类病毒自然复制位点的人类主要呼吸道上皮3D培养物中的流感复制。研究表明,甲型流感病毒上调了促分裂原活化的蛋白激酶/细胞外信号相关激酶(MAPK / ERK)途径,并劫持了该途径,使病毒核糖核蛋白的核仁输出。我们的结果表明,BBR会干扰该过程并阻碍甲型流感病毒的复制。研究表明,甲型流感病毒上调了促分裂原活化的蛋白激酶/细胞外信号相关激酶(MAPK / ERK)途径,并劫持了该途径,使病毒核糖核蛋白的核仁输出。我们的结果表明,BBR会干扰该过程并阻碍甲型流感病毒的复制。研究表明,甲型流感病毒上调了促分裂原活化的蛋白激酶/细胞外信号相关激酶(MAPK / ERK)途径,并劫持了该途径,使病毒核糖核蛋白的核仁输出。我们的结果表明,BBR会干扰该过程并阻碍甲型流感病毒的复制。
更新日期:2020-03-22
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