Various central nervous system (CNS) complications may occur after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT), which can result in severe clinical problems. Diagnosis is often difficult, as distinctive clinical symptoms may be absent and different neurological disorders may exhibit similar symptoms. Despite the fact that antibodies responding to brain cell surface antigens have become well recognized in several CNS disorders, cases of autoimmune CNS disorders after allo-HSCT have rarely been reported. Here, we report on a patient who developed encephalitis associated with antibodies against N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-type glutamate receptor (GluR) after allo-HSCT. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of the involvement of antibodies against NMDA-type GluR in post-transplantation encephalitis. Autoimmunity to NMDA-type GluR may have contributed to neurological complications after transplantation in unresolved cases.

同种异体造血干细胞移植（allo-HSCT）后可能会发生各种中枢神经系统（CNS）并发症，这可能会导致严重的临床问题。诊断通常很困难，因为可能没有明显的临床症状并且不同的神经系统疾病可能表现出相似的症状。尽管对脑细胞表面抗原有反应的抗体已经在几种中枢神经系统疾病中得到了很好的认识，但很少报道异基因-HSCT后自身免疫性中枢神经系统疾病的病例。在此，我们报道了一名与N-甲基-d抗体相关的脑炎患者异体造血干细胞移植后的天冬氨酸（NMDA）型谷氨酸受体（GluR）。据我们所知，这是关于NMDA型GluR抗体参与移植后脑炎的首次报道。NMDA型GluR的自身免疫可能导致未解决病例的移植后神经系统并发症。