BACKGROUND Prior controlled cannabis research has mostly focused on smoked cannabis and predominantly included frequent cannabis users. Oral cannabis products ("edibles") make up a large and growing segment of the retail cannabis market. This study sought to characterize the pharmacodynamic effects of oral cannabis among infrequent cannabis users. METHODS Seventeen healthy adults who had not used cannabis for at least 60 days completed four experimental sessions in which they consumed a cannabis-infused brownie that contained 0, 10, 25, or 50 mg THC. Subjective effects, vital signs, cognitive/psychomotor performance, and blood THC concentrations were assessed before and for 8 h after dosing. RESULTS Relative to placebo, the 10 mg THC dose produced discriminable subjective drug effects and elevated heart rate but did not alter cognitive/psychomotor performance. The 25 and 50 mg THC doses elicited pronounced subjective effects and markedly impaired cognitive and psychomotor functioning compared with placebo. For all active doses, pharmacodynamic effects did not manifest until 30-60 min after ingestion, and peak effects occurred 1.5-3 h post-administration. Blood THC levels were significantly correlated with some pharmacodynamic drug effects, but were substantially lower than what is typically observed after cannabis inhalation. CONCLUSION Ingestion of oral cannabis dose-dependently altered subjective drug effects and impaired cognitive performance. Unlike inhaled forms of cannabis for which acute effects occur almost immediately, effects of oral cannabis were considerably delayed. In an era of legalization, education about the time course of drug effects for cannabis edibles is needed to facilitate dose titration and reduce acute overdose incidents.

中文翻译：

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不经常使用大麻的健康成年人口服大麻摄入的药效剂量效应。


背景技术先前的受控大麻研究主要集中于吸食大麻并且主要包括经常吸食大麻的人。口服大麻产品（“食用品”）构成了零售大麻市场的一个巨大且不断增长的部分。这项研究旨在描述不经常使用大麻的人口服大麻的药效学作用。方法 17 名至少 60 天未使用大麻的健康成年人完成了四次实验，其中他们食用了含有 0、10、25 或 50 毫克 THC 的大麻布朗尼蛋糕。在给药前和给药后 8 小时内评估主观效果、生命体征、认知/精神运动表现和血液 THC 浓度。结果 与安慰剂相比，10 mg THC 剂量产生了明显的主观药物效应和心率升高，但没有改变认知/精神运动表现。与安慰剂相比，25 毫克和 50 毫克 THC 剂量引起了明显的主观影响，认知和精神运动功能明显受损。对于所有活性剂量，药效学效应直到摄入后30-60分钟才显现，峰值效应出现在给药后1.5-3小时。血液 THC 水平与一些药效药物效应显着相关，但远低于吸入大麻后通常观察到的水平。结论 口服大麻的摄入会剂量依赖性地改变主观药物效应并损害认知能力。与几乎立即发生急性效应的吸入形式大麻不同，口服大麻的效应大大延迟。在合法化时代，需要对大麻食品的药物作用时间过程进行教育，以促进剂量滴定并减少急性过量事件。