The purpose of current study was green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) from seeds and wild Silybum plants in comparison with their respective extracts followed by characterization and biological potency. The biologically synthesized AgNPs were subjected to characterization using techniques like XRD, FTIR, TEM, HPLC and SPE. Highly crystalline and stable NPs were obtained using Silybum wild plant (NP1) and seeds (NP3) with size range between 18.12 and 13.20 nm respectively. The synthesized NPs and their respective extracts revealed a vast range of biological applications showing antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, cytotoxic and anti-aging potencies. The highest antioxidant activity (478.23 ± 1.9 μM, 176.91 ± 1.3 μM, 83.5 ± 1.6% μgAAE/mg, 156.32 ± 0.6 μgAAE/mg) for ABTS, FRAP, FRSA, TRP respectively was shown by seed extract (NP4) followed by highest value of (117.35 ± 0.9 μgAAE/mg) for TAC by wild extract (NP2). The highest antifungal activity (13 mm ± 0.76) against Candida albicans was shown by NP3 while antibacterial activity of (6 mm against Klebsiella pneumonia) was shown by NP3 and NP4. The highest anti-inflammatory activity (38.56 ± 1.29 against COX1) was shown by NP2. Similarly, the high value of (48.89 ± 1.34 against Pentosidine-Like AGEs) was shown by NP4. Also, the high anti-diabetic activity (38.74 ± 1.09 against α-amylase) was shown by NP4. The extracts and the synthesized NPs have shown activity against hepato-cellular carcinoma (HepG2) human cells. The HPLC analysis revealed that the highest value of silymarin component (silybin B 2289 mg/g DW) was found for NP4. Silydianin is responsible for capping. Among the green synthesized AgNPs and the extracts used, the effect of NP4 was most promising for further use.

当前研究的目的是从种子和野生水飞蓟植物中绿色合成银纳米粒子（AgNP），并与其各自的提取物进行比较，然后进行表征和生物效力。使用 XRD、FTIR、TEM、HPLC 和 SPE 等技术对生物合成的 AgNP 进行表征。使用水飞蓟野生植物 (NP1) 和种子 (NP3) 获得了高度结晶和稳定的纳米粒子，尺寸范围分别在 18.12 和 13.20 nm 之间。合成的纳米颗粒及其各自的提取物具有广泛的生物学应用，具有抗菌、抗氧化、抗炎、细胞毒性和抗衰老功效。 ABTS、FRAP、FRSA、TRP 的抗氧化活性最高（分别为 478.23 ± 1.9 μM、176.91 ± 1.3 μM、83.5 ± 1.6% μgAAE/mg、156.32 ± 0.6 μgAAE/mg），其中种子提取物 (NP4) 的抗氧化活性最高，其次是最高的野生提取物 (NP2) 的 TAC 值为 (117.35 ± 0.9 μgAAE/mg)。 NP3 对白色念珠菌显示出最高的抗真菌活性（13 mm ± 0.76），而 NP3 和 NP4 显示出对肺炎克雷伯氏菌的抗菌活性（6 mm）。 NP2 显示出最高的抗炎活性（针对 COX1 为 38.56 ± 1.29）。类似地，NP4 显示了高值（针对戊糖素样 AGEs，为 48.89 ± 1.34）。此外，NP4 显示出高抗糖尿病活性（针对 α-淀粉酶为 38.74 ± 1.09）。提取物和合成的纳米粒子显示出对抗肝细胞癌 (HepG2) 人类细胞的活性。 HPLC 分析显示，NP4 中水飞蓟素成分的最高值（水飞蓟宾 B 2289 mg/g DW）。水飞蓟宁负责封端。 在绿色合成的AgNPs和所使用的提取物中，NP4的效果最有希望进一步使用。