During the period from 1922 to 1942, several carcinogens were identified in coal tar, industrial oils, and petroleum, and radium was added to x-ray as a potential carcinogen. It was proven that some viruses are capable of causing cancer, and the dependency of prostatic and mammary hyperplasia and carcinoma on naturally occurring hormones was established. Colon cancer was linked to hereditary and nonhereditary polyposis. A permanent place for diagnostic radiology was defined and radiation therapy advanced to preoperative and postoperative modalities using x-ray and radium. The trend toward the use of radical surgery for primary and metastatic cancers continued. Although several new radical surgical procedures were developed and advanced as far as the technical skills of surgeons and the anatomic setting permitted, several innovative, less radical procedures were introduced. In chemotherapy, the basic principle of the treatment of advanced cancers with hormones was inaugurated. Pathologists synthesized what was known in tumor pathology, named new microscopic entities, recognized carcinoma in situ, developed histologic grading and pathologic staging of cancers, and introduced aspiration cytology and exfoliative cytology as new fields in oncology. It is interesting that despite profound global economic, social, and political upheaval and wars and preparation for wars, writers and producers of musicals and movies presented more memorable works than ever before. In the fields of science and technology, particularly nuclear physics and chemistry, profound discoveries were made that became a permanent part of human life. The progress made in oncology between 1922 and 1942 came about through the dedicated work of many individuals. However, there were 7 pathfinders (3 surgeons, 2 pathologists, 1 physician-chemist, and 1 physician-cytologist) who, despite their widely diverse backgrounds, personalities, and interest, made outstanding contributions to oncology to the magnitude that they deserve a permanent place in the history of medicine and oncology.

中文翻译：

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从现代颅内肿瘤手术的开始到巴氏涂片的引入，肿瘤学的开创者。

在1922年至1942年期间，在煤焦油，工业油和石油中发现了几种致癌物，并且向X射线中添加了镭作为潜在的致癌物。已经证明某些病毒能够引起癌症，并且确定了前列腺和乳腺增生以及癌对天然激素的依赖性。结肠癌与遗传性和非遗传性息肉病有关。定义了诊断放射学的永久场所，放射治疗已发展为使用X射线和镭的术前和术后形式。根治性手术用于原发性和转移性癌症的趋势仍在继续。尽管在外科医师的技术技能和解剖学背景允许的范围内，已经开发并改进了几种新的基本外科手术程序，但还是有一些创新的方法，引入了不太激进的程序。在化学疗法中，开创了用激素治疗晚期癌症的基本原理。病理学家合成了肿瘤病理学中称为新的微观实体的东西，在原位识别了癌，发展了癌的组织学分级和病理分期，并将抽吸细胞学和剥离性细胞学引入了肿瘤学的新领域。有趣的是，尽管全球经济，社会和政治动荡，战争以及战争的准备工作十分激烈，音乐剧和电影的作家和制片人的作品却比以往任何时候都值得纪念。在科学技术领域，特别是核物理和化学领域，已取得了深刻的发现，这些发现已成为人类生活中不可或缺的一部分。在1922年至1942年间，肿瘤学的进步是由许多人的专心致志的。但是，有7位探路者（3位外科医生，2位病理学家，1位医师化学家和1位医师细胞学家），尽管他们的背景，个性和兴趣广泛多样，但他们对肿瘤学做出了杰出贡献，值得永久保留。在医学和肿瘤学史上占有重要地位。