How do obligate parasites cope with hosts that lack genetic elements required for parasite replication? Gupta et. al. (2020) illustrate an experimental evolution system where lambda bacteriophages circumvent a defective gene network in their E. coli host (which initially made it impossible for them to replicate) through both intracellular cooperation and evolutionary changes in phage life‐history traits.

中文翻译：

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文摘：合作和生活史进化有助于寄生虫规避宿主遗传缺陷

专性寄生虫如何应对缺乏寄生虫复制所需遗传元件的宿主？古普塔等。阿尔。(2020) 说明了一个实验进化系统，其中 λ 噬菌体通过细胞内合作和噬菌体生活史特征的进化变化来规避其大肠杆菌宿主中的缺陷基因网络（最初使它们无法复制）。