Fires originating in informal settlements (ie, slums, ghettos, shantytowns, squatter camps) spread rapidly, due to the presence of densely packed, highly combustible dwellings, thereby making these communities inherently susceptible to large conflagrations. By the time, the fire brigades are notified and can get to the scene of the fire, the resulting conflagrations can be large. Thus, it is necessary to equip communities with the ability to combat smaller fires, although it is acknowledged that this is not ideal. Previous full‐scale testing and firefighter experience have shown that water application through ‘bucket brigades’ can be very effective at suppressing fires. In this article, a model is developed for approximately quantifying the amount of water, and discharge rate, that is, required for communities to suppress fires of various sizes using bucket brigades. This is done to answer the question: based on the water supply infrastructure in an area could a community put out post‐flashover fires of certain sizes? If this is not feasible, it would highlight the importance of communities having readily available pre‐filled water buckets at homes. The model presented is developed in fire dynamics simulator and is calibrated based on full‐scale experiments utilizing the bucket brigade technique. It is shown that standpipe discharge rates of 23 to 40 lpm are suitable for fire sizes of around 3.85 MW, based on a dwelling size of 2.4 x 3.6 x 2.4 m. This means that in communities with a single stand‐pipe (water supply point) with flow rates less than 23 lpm, that fires greater than 3.85 MW (as produced by a home of 2.4 x 3.6 m with a timber fuel load of 25 kg/m²) cannot be suppressed in time without resulting in substantial fire spread to adjacent dwellings.

中文翻译：

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基于数值模型和实验测试，确定社区扑灭闪络后非正式聚落火灾所需的用水量

由于人口密集，高度易燃的住宅的存在，源自非正式定居点（即，贫民窟，贫民窟，棚户区，棚户区）的大火迅速蔓延，从而使这些社区固有地易遭受大火。到那时，消防队会被通知并可以到达火场，由此引发的大火可能会很大。因此，有必要使社区具备扑灭小火的能力，尽管人们公认这并不理想。先前的全面测试和消防人员的经验表明，通过“水桶大队”加水可以有效抑制火灾。在本文中，我们开发了一个模型，用于大致量化水量和排放量，即 社区需要使用桶形旅来扑灭各种规模的火灾。这样做是为了回答这个问题：根据某个地区的供水基础设施，社区是否可以扑灭一定规模的突燃后火灾？如果这不可行，那将突出社区在家庭中随时可用的预装水桶的重要性。提出的模型是在火灾动力学模拟器中开发的，并基于利用铲斗技术的全面实验进行了校准。结果表明，根据住宅尺寸为2.4 x 3.6 x 2.4 m，竖管排放速率为23至40 lpm，适用于3.85 MW左右的火势。这意味着，在单根立管（供水点）流量小于23 lpm的社区中，燃烧功率大于3.85 MW（由2.4 x 3的房屋产生）。²）无法及时抑制，而不会导致大量火灾蔓延到相邻住宅。