Zinc is an essential nutrient for all organisms because this metal serves as a critical structural or catalytic cofactor for many proteins. These zinc-dependent proteins are abundant in the cytosol as well as within organelles of eukaryotic cells such as the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi, and storage compartments such as the fungal vacuole. Therefore, cells need zinc transporters so that they can efficiently take up the metal and move it around within cells. In addition, because zinc levels in the environment can vary drastically, the activity of many of these transporters and other components of zinc homeostasis is regulated at the level of transcription by zinc-responsive transcription factors. Mechanisms of post-transcriptional control are also important for zinc homeostasis. In this review, the focus will be on our current knowledge of zinc transporters and their regulation by zinc-responsive transcription factors and other mechanisms in fungi because these organisms have served as useful paradigms of zinc homeostasis in all organisms. With this foundation, extension to other organisms will be made where warranted.

锌是所有生物必需的营养素，因为这种金属是许多蛋白质的关键结构或催化辅助因子。这些锌依赖性蛋白在胞质溶胶以及真核细胞的细胞器（例如核，线粒体，内质网，高尔基体）和储藏室（例如真菌液泡）中丰富。因此，细胞需要锌转运蛋白，以便它们能够有效吸收金属并在细胞内移动。此外，由于环境中的锌水平可能会发生巨大变化，因此许多这些转运蛋白和锌稳态的其他组分的活性在锌响应转录因子的转录水平上受到调节。转录后控制的机制对于锌稳态也很重要。在这篇评论中 重点将放在我们目前对锌转运蛋白的知识以及真菌中锌反应性转录因子和其他机制对锌转运蛋白的调控上，因为这些生物已成为所有生物体内锌稳态的有用范例。在此基础上，将在必要时扩展到其他生物。