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Advanced 96-microtiter plate based bioelectrochemical platform reveals molecular short cut of electron flow in cytochrome P450 enzyme.
Lab on a Chip ( IF 6.1 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-27 , DOI: 10.1039/c9lc01220f
Ronny Frank 1 , Christoph Prönnecke 1 , Ronny Azendorf 1 , Heinz-Georg Jahnke 1 , Annette G Beck-Sickinger 2 , Andrea A Robitzki 1
Affiliation  

In bioelectrocatalysis, immobilised redox enzymes are activated in a bioelectronic interface without redox equivalents such as NADPH, thus enabling heterogeneous flow chemistry. The functional contact between enzyme and electrode requires a high degree of optimisation regarding choice of electrode material, electrode pre-treatment, enzyme immobilisation and reaction conditions. So far, however, there are no systems that can easily enable an optimisation procedure at a higher throughput. Here, we present an advanced platform with a vertical divided cell architecture in conjunction with a developed 96-multipotentiostat to be able to drive redox enzymes in 96 well microtiter plate based multielectrode arrays. This platform controls 96 independent three-electrode setups with arbitrary working electrode materials. We demonstrate its applicability in a mutation study of cytochrome P450 BM3 using indium tin oxide as electrode material and the 7-ethoxycoumarin product quantification assay. We show that the bioelectrocatalytic activity of P450 BM3 can be amplified when the cofactor FAD is erased from the enzyme by a single point mutation, so that FMN becomes the first electron entry point. Bioelectrocatalysis thus offers an approach to enzyme simplification as a remedy for the inherent instability of self-sufficient cytochrome P450 enzymes. In addition, we examined native and artificial enzyme activation with respect to ionic strength and buffer composition. The optimal conditions of the activation types differ substantially from each other and exhibit a new molecular facet in enzyme characteristics. In a proof-of-principle we demonstrate that the platform is also compatible with raw cell extracts, thus opening the door for random mutagenesis screenings.

中文翻译:

基于先进的96微量滴定板的生物电化学平台揭示了细胞色素P450酶中电子流的分子捷径。

在生物电催化中,固定化的氧化还原酶在生物电子界面中被激活,而没有诸如NADPH的氧化还原等价物,从而实现了非均相流动化学。酶和电极之间的功能接触需要在电极材料选择,电极预处理,酶固定和反应条件方面进行高度优化。但是,到目前为止,还没有系统可以轻松实现更高吞吐量的优化过程。在这里,我们提出了一种先进的平台,该平台具有垂直划分的细胞架构以及已开发的96多功能恒电位仪,能够驱动基于96孔微量滴定板的多电极阵列中的氧化还原酶。该平台使用任意工作电极材料控制96个独立的三电极设置。我们证明了其在使用氧化铟锡作为电极材料和7-乙氧基香豆素产物定量测定的细胞色素P450 BM3突变研究中的适用性。我们显示,当辅酶FAD通过单点突变从酶中清除时,P450 BM3的生物电催化活性可以增强,从而使FMN成为第一个电子入口点。因此,生物电催化提供了一种简化酶的方法,作为自给自足的细胞色素P450酶固有的不稳定性的一种补救方法。另外,我们就离子强度和缓冲液组成检查了天然和人工酶的活化。激活类型的最佳条件互不相同,并且在酶特性方面表现出新的分子面。
更新日期:2020-04-24
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