Here, we reviewed both endogenous and exogenous factors involved in the processes of flower bud formation and flower development in peach, analyzing how they can be affected by climatic change in temperate zones, explored the expansion of peach to tropical or subtropical zones. The process of flower bud formation in peach differs between low winter chilling and temperate conditions. Although the main steps of flower development are maintained, the timing in which each one occurs is different, and some processes can be altered under low winter chilling conditions, with a great impact on fruit production and crop management. Further studies on flower bud induction and differentiation under warmer conditions are fundamental for addressing the alterations in flower bud development that negatively impact on next season’s harvest. In the future, horticulturalists and scientists will face several challenges, mainly how high temperatures affect the expression of the main genes regulating flower formation and how to improve crop management in these conditions.

中文翻译：

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冬季低温条件下桃花芽的发育

在这里，我们回顾了桃花芽形成和花朵发育过程中涉及的内源性和外源性因素，分析了它们如何受到温带地区气候变化的影响，探索了桃子向热带或亚热带地区的扩张。桃的花芽形成过程在冬季低温和温带条件下有所不同。尽管维持了花卉发育的主要步骤，但每一种发生的时间都不同，在冬季寒冷的条件下可以改变某些过程，这对水果生产和作物管理产生了很大影响。在温暖的条件下进一步研究花芽的诱导和分化是解决花芽发育变化对下一季收成造成负面影响的基础。在将来，