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Mineral Content of Food Supplements of Plant Origin, by Energy Dispersive X-ray Fluorescence: A Risk Assessment
Exposure and Health ( IF 6.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-20 , DOI: 10.1007/s12403-020-00354-9
F. H. Reboredo , A. Barbosa , M. M. Silva , M. L. Carvalho , J. P. Santos , M. F. Pessoa , F. Lidon , J. C. Ramalho , M. Guerra

The aim of this study is to evaluate the elemental composition of six food supplements of plant origin, commonly sold in the Portuguese market, by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence. The presence of arsenic in all the Maca, Ashwagandha, Camu-Camu and Hemp protein samples (except the generic form) is a reason of concern due to the long-term effects of As mainly in its inorganic form. Thus, great caution must be taken on some food supplements, particularly the cases of Moringa from Egypt and Yellow/Xpresso Maca, whose inorganic As concentrations are in line with the upper bound concentration for the 95th dietary exposure according to the European Food Safety Authority which is 0.64 μg/kg bw/day. In what regards Hemp protein, if the supplier’s daily intake recommendation (30 g) is followed, values as high as 1.75 μg/kg bw/day of inorganic As will be consumed, which are dangerously above the upper bound. In this case this specific supplement lot should be removed from the market. Also the consumption of Hemp protein leads to a daily intake of Mn above the Daily Reference Intake (DRI) and Adequate Intakes (AIs) for adults. The contamination of Goji berries by Pb is a reason for concern—organic berries contained 11.3 μg/g while berries derived from conventional agriculture 11.6 μg/g, leading to daily intake doses of 315.3 μg and 324.8 μg, respectively, if the recommended daily intake of 28 g is followed. Our findings point out to an inadequacy of the recommended intakes by the supplier vis a vis the concentrations observed, greatly increasing the risk for public health.



中文翻译:

通过能量色散X射线荧光分析的植物来源食品补品的矿物质含量:风险评估

这项研究的目的是通过能量色散X射线荧光评估在葡萄牙市场上常见的六种植物性食品补充剂的元素组成。由于砷(主要以无机形式存在)的长期影响,因此在所有玛卡,阿什瓦甘达,卡穆-卡姆和大麻蛋白样品(通用形式除外)中都存在砷是引起关注的原因。因此,在某些食品补充剂上必须格外小心,特别是来自埃及的辣木和黄色/特浓玛卡的情况,根据欧洲食品安全局的规定,其无机砷的含量与第95次饮食暴露的上限浓度一致。为0.64μg/ kg bw /天。关于大麻蛋白,如果遵循供应商的每日摄入量推荐值(30克),则该值最高为1。每天将消耗75μg/ kg bw /天的无机砷,其危险性超过上限。在这种情况下,应从市场上删除此特定的补充批次。大麻蛋白质的消耗还导致成年人的每日锰摄入量高于每日参考摄入量(DRI)和足够摄入量(AIs)。铅对枸杞的污染是值得关注的一个原因-有机浆果的含量为11.3μg/ g,而传统农业中的浆果为11.6μg/ g,如果建议每日摄入量,则每日摄入量分别为315.3μg和324.8μg随后是28克。我们的发现指出,与观察到的浓度相比,供应商的建议摄入量不足,大大增加了公共卫生风险。在这种情况下,应从市场上删除此特定的补充批次。大麻蛋白质的消耗还导致成年人的每日锰摄入量高于每日参考摄入量(DRI)和足够摄入量(AIs)。铅对枸杞的污染是值得关注的一个原因-有机浆果的含量为11.3μg/ g,而传统农业中的浆果为11.6μg/ g,如果建议每日摄入量,则每日摄入量分别为315.3μg和324.8μg随后是28克。我们的发现指出,与观察到的浓度相比,供应商的建议摄入量不足,大大增加了公共卫生风险。在这种情况下,应从市场上删除此特定的补充批次。大麻蛋白质的消耗还导致成年人的每日锰摄入量高于每日参考摄入量(DRI)和足够摄入量(AIs)。铅对枸杞的污染是值得关注的一个原因-有机浆果的含量为11.3μg/ g,而传统农业中的浆果为11.6μg/ g,如果建议每日摄入量,则每日摄入量分别为315.3μg和324.8μg随后是28克。我们的发现指出,与观察到的浓度相比,供应商的建议摄入量不足,大大增加了公共卫生风险。大麻蛋白质的消耗还导致成年人的每日锰摄入量高于每日参考摄入量(DRI)和足够摄入量(AIs)。铅对枸杞的污染是值得关注的一个原因-有机浆果的含量为11.3μg/ g,而传统农业中的浆果为11.6μg/ g,如果建议每日摄入量,则每日摄入量分别为315.3μg和324.8μg随后是28克。我们的发现指出,与观察到的浓度相比,供应商的建议摄入量不足,大大增加了公共卫生风险。大麻蛋白质的消耗还导致成年人的每日锰摄入量高于每日参考摄入量(DRI)和足够摄入量(AIs)。铅对枸杞的污染是值得关注的一个原因-有机浆果的含量为11.3μg/ g,而传统农业中的浆果为11.6μg/ g,如果建议每日摄入量,则每日摄入量分别为315.3μg和324.8μg随后是28克。我们的发现指出,与观察到的浓度相比,供应商的建议摄入量不足,大大增加了公共卫生风险。如果遵循建议的每日摄入量28克。我们的发现指出,与观察到的浓度相比,供应商的建议摄入量不足,大大增加了公共卫生风险。如果遵循建议的每日摄入量28克。我们的发现指出,与观察到的浓度相比,供应商的建议摄入量不足,大大增加了公共卫生风险。

更新日期:2020-04-21
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