Viruses are ubiquitous in nature; however, very few have been identified in the Leporid species. In the fall of 2018, an outbreak of myxomatosis in Iberian hares (Lepus granatensis) was reported in Spain and a novel recombinant myxoma virus strain (MYXV-Tol) was identified. To investigate variability within the recombinant region of the MYXV-Tol and identify any potential viral coinfections, samples (ear, eyelid or vaginal) of Iberian hares were collected from Spain and analyzed. The presence of the recombinant region of the MYXV-Tol was confirmed in six out of eleven samples analyzed. Additionally, a polyomavirus (family Polyomaviridae), representing a putative new species, and anelloviruses (family Anelloviridae) belonging to two putative species were identified, some as coinfection with the recombinant MYXV-Tol. The two polyomavirus genomes were identified in two hares and share >99% genome-wide identity. Based on the analysis of their large T-antigen, the new polyomavirus clusters in a distant clade from other mammals sharing <64% amino acid identity. A total of 14 anelloviruses were identified, which share 63-99% genome-wide identity. Overall, our results show a coinfection of different DNA viruses in the studied samples and raise awareness regarding the extensive unsampled diversity of viruses in hares.

中文翻译：

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在伊比利亚野兔中鉴定出新型多瘤病毒、指环病毒和粘液瘤病毒-MYXV-Tol 重组株的混合感染。


病毒在自然界中无处不在；然而，在兔科动物中发现的数量很少。 2018 年秋季，西班牙报告了伊比利亚野兔（Lepus granatensis）爆发粘液瘤病，并鉴定出一种新的重组粘液瘤病毒株（MYXV-Tol）。为了研究 MYXV-Tol 重组区域内的变异性并识别任何潜在的病毒双重感染，从西班牙收集了伊比利亚野兔的样本（耳朵、眼睑或阴道）并进行了分析。在所分析的 11 个样品中，有 6 个样品证实了 MYXV-Tol 重组区域的存在。此外，还鉴定了代表推定新种的多瘤病毒（多瘤病毒科）和属于两个推定种的指环病毒（指环病毒科），其中一些与重组 MYXV-Tol 共感染。这两种多瘤病毒基因组在两只野兔中得到鉴定，并且具有 >99% 的全基因组同一性。根据对大 T 抗原的分析，新的多瘤病毒与其他哺乳动物的进化支相距较远，氨基酸同一性低于 64%。总共鉴定出 14 种指环病毒，它们具有 63-99% 的全基因组同一性。总体而言，我们的结果显示所研究的样本中存在不同 DNA 病毒的共感染，并提高了人们对野兔中广泛的未采样病毒多样性的认识。