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NK cells mediate clearance of CD8+ T cell-resistant tumors in response to STING agonists.
Science Immunology ( IF 24.8 ) Pub Date : 2020-03-20 , DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.aaz2738
Christopher J Nicolai 1 , Natalie Wolf 1 , I-Chang Chang 1 , Georgia Kirn 1 , Assaf Marcus 1 , Chudi O Ndubaku 2 , Sarah M McWhirter 2 , David H Raulet 1
Affiliation  

Several immunotherapy approaches that mobilize CD8+ T cell responses stimulate tumor rejection, and some, such as checkpoint blockade, have been approved for several cancer indications and show impressive increases in patient survival. However, tumors may evade CD8+ T cell recognition via loss of MHC molecules or because they contain few or no neoantigens. Therefore, approaches are needed to combat CD8+ T cell-resistant cancers. STING-activating cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs) are a new class of immune-stimulating agents that elicit impressive CD8+ T cell-mediated tumor rejection in preclinical tumor models and are now being tested in clinical trials. Here, we demonstrate powerful CDN-induced, natural killer (NK) cell-mediated tumor rejection in numerous tumor models, independent of CD8+ T cells. CDNs enhanced NK cell activation, cytotoxicity, and antitumor effects in part by inducing type I interferon (IFN). IFN acted in part directly on NK cells in vivo and in part indirectly via the induction of IL-15 and IL-15 receptors, which were important for CDN-induced NK activation and tumor control. After in vivo administration of CDNs, dendritic cells (DCs) up-regulated IL-15Rα in an IFN-dependent manner. Mice lacking the type I IFN receptor specifically on DCs had reduced NK cell activation and tumor control. Therapeutics that activate NK cells, such as CDNs, checkpoint inhibitors, NK cell engagers, and cytokines, may represent next-generation approaches to cancer immunotherapy.

中文翻译:

NK 细胞响应 STING 激动剂介导 CD8+ T 细胞耐药肿瘤的清除。

几种调动 CD8+ T 细胞反应的免疫治疗方法会刺激肿瘤排斥反应,其中一些方法(例如检查点阻断)已被批准用于多种癌症适应症,并显着提高了患者的生存率。然而,肿瘤可能通过丢失 MHC 分子或因为它们含有很少或不含新抗原而逃避 CD8+ T 细胞识别。因此,需要一些方法来对抗 CD8+ T 细胞耐药性癌症。STING 激活环状二核苷酸 (CDN) 是一类新型免疫刺激剂,可在临床前肿瘤模型中引发令人印象深刻的 CD8+ T 细胞介导的肿瘤排斥反应,目前正在临床试验中进行测试。在这里,我们在许多肿瘤模型中展示了强大的 CDN 诱导的自然杀伤 (NK) 细胞介导的肿瘤排斥反应,独立于 CD8+ T 细胞。CDN 增强 NK 细胞活化、细胞毒性、和部分通过诱导 I 型干扰素 (IFN) 产生的抗肿瘤作用。IFN 在体内部分直接作用于 NK 细胞,部分通过诱导 IL-15 和 IL-15 受体间接作用,这对于 CDN 诱导的 NK 激活和肿瘤控制很重要。在体内施用 CDN 后,树突状细胞 (DC) 以 IFN 依赖性方式上调 IL-15Rα。缺乏 DCs 特异性 I 型 IFN 受体的小鼠 NK 细胞活化和肿瘤控制降低。激活 NK 细胞的治疗药物,如 CDN、检查点抑制剂、NK 细胞接合剂和细胞因子,可能代表下一代癌症免疫治疗方法。这对于 CDN 诱导的 NK 激活和肿瘤控制很重要。在体内施用 CDN 后,树突状细胞 (DC) 以 IFN 依赖性方式上调 IL-15Rα。缺乏 DCs 特异性 I 型 IFN 受体的小鼠 NK 细胞活化和肿瘤控制降低。激活 NK 细胞的治疗药物,如 CDN、检查点抑制剂、NK 细胞接合剂和细胞因子,可能代表下一代癌症免疫治疗方法。这对于 CDN 诱导的 NK 激活和肿瘤控制很重要。在体内施用 CDN 后,树突状细胞 (DC) 以 IFN 依赖性方式上调 IL-15Rα。缺乏 DCs 特异性 I 型 IFN 受体的小鼠 NK 细胞活化和肿瘤控制降低。激活 NK 细胞的治疗药物,如 CDN、检查点抑制剂、NK 细胞接合剂和细胞因子,可能代表下一代癌症免疫治疗方法。
更新日期:2020-03-21
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