Silver nanowires (Ag NWs) network is an excellent candidate as flexible transparent electrode applying in flexible perovskite solar cells, owing to their excellent electrical and optical properties. However, several problems including large surface roughness, chemical reaction between Ag and perovskite precursor, and migration of Ag limited the application in high performance perovskite solar cells. Aiming to solve these problems, the composite electrode combining the spray coated Ag nanowires and the low-temperature sol-gel zinc oxide was developed in this work. The optimized concentration and annealing temperature of sol-gel ZnO were 0.45 M and 150 °C. The introduction of zinc oxide with suitable concentration caused slight impact on the transmittance and sheet resistant of transparent composite electrode, and promoted mechanical and chemical stability in air relative to the pristine Ag NWs electrode. The use of the composite flexible electrode could decrease the surface roughness of the Ag NWs electrode, passivate the reaction of perovskite and silver electrode, and prevent the migration of Ag. As a consequence, the performance of the flexible device significantly improved from 8.65% to 13.11%. Under the AM 1.5G constant illumination, the optimization device has a remarkably improved stability than pristine device. This study demonstrates that spray Ag NWs as bottom electrode is suitable for flexible perovskite solar cells. Meanwhile, it's an effective method using sol-gel ZnO to construct composite electrode to promote the device performance and stability.

银纳米线（Ag NWs）网络由于其出色的电学和光学特性，是应用于柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池的柔性透明电极的极佳候选者。然而，一些问题包括大的表面粗糙度，Ag和钙钛矿前体之间的化学反应以及Ag的迁移限制了在高性能钙钛矿太阳能电池中的应用。为了解决这些问题，在这项工作中，开发了将喷涂Ag纳米线和低温溶胶-凝胶氧化锌结合在一起的复合电极。溶胶-凝胶氧化锌的最佳浓度和退火温度为0.45 M和150°C。引入适当浓度的氧化锌对透明复合电极的透光率和薄层电阻影响不大，相对于原始的Ag NWs电极，可提高空气中的机械和化学稳定性。复合柔性电极的使用可以降低Ag NWs电极的表面粗糙度，钝化钙钛矿和银电极的反应，并防止Ag的迁移。结果，柔性设备的性能从8.65％大大提高到13.11％。在AM 1.5G恒定照明下，该优化设备比原始设备具有显着提高的稳定性。这项研究表明，喷涂Ag NWs作为底部电极适用于柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池。同时，采用溶胶-凝胶氧化锌制备复合电极是提高器件性能和稳定性的有效方法。复合柔性电极的使用可以降低Ag NWs电极的表面粗糙度，钝化钙钛矿和银电极的反应，并防止Ag的迁移。结果，柔性设备的性能从8.65％大大提高到13.11％。在AM 1.5G恒定照明下，该优化设备比原始设备具有显着提高的稳定性。这项研究表明，喷涂Ag NWs作为底部电极适用于柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池。同时，采用溶胶-凝胶氧化锌制备复合电极是提高器件性能和稳定性的有效方法。复合柔性电极的使用可以降低Ag NWs电极的表面粗糙度，钝化钙钛矿和银电极的反应，并防止Ag的迁移。结果，柔性设备的性能从8.65％大大提高到13.11％。在AM 1.5G恒定照明下，该优化设备比原始设备具有显着提高的稳定性。这项研究表明，喷涂Ag NWs作为底部电极适用于柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池。同时，采用溶胶-凝胶氧化锌制备复合电极是提高器件性能和稳定性的有效方法。柔性设备的性能从8.65％大幅提高到13.11％。在AM 1.5G恒定照明下，该优化设备比原始设备具有显着提高的稳定性。这项研究表明，喷涂Ag NWs作为底部电极适用于柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池。同时，采用溶胶-凝胶氧化锌制备复合电极是提高器件性能和稳定性的有效方法。柔性设备的性能从8.65％大幅提高到13.11％。在AM 1.5G恒定照明下，该优化设备比原始设备具有显着提高的稳定性。这项研究表明，喷涂Ag NWs作为底部电极适用于柔性钙钛矿太阳能电池。同时，采用溶胶-凝胶氧化锌制备复合电极是提高器件性能和稳定性的有效方法。