Neutrophil granulocytes are the most abundant white blood cells in mammals and vital components of the immune system. They are involved in the early phase of inflammation and in generation of reactive oxygen species. These rapid cell-signaling communicative processes are performed in the time frame of minutes.

In this work, the activity and the response of neutrophil granulocytes are monitored when triggered by cerium-oxide based nanoparticles, using capacitive sensors based on Lab-on-a-chip technology. The chip is designed to monitor activation processes of cells during nanoparticle exposure, which is for the first time recorded on-line as alteration of the capacitance. The complementary metal oxide semiconductor engineering chip design is combined with low temperature co-fired ceramic, LTCC, packaging technology. The method is label free and gently measures cells on top of an insulating surface in a weak electromagnetic field, as compared to commonly used four-point probes and impedance spectroscopy electric measurements where electrodes are in direct contact with the cells.

In summary, this label free method is used to measure, oxidative stress of neutrophil granulocytes in real time, minute by minute and visualize the difference in moderate and high cellular workload during exposure of external triggers. It clearly shows the capability of this method to detect cell response during exposure of external triggers. In this way, an informationally dense non-invasive method is obtained, to monitor cells at work.

中性粒细胞粒细胞是哺乳动物中最丰富的白细胞，是免疫系统的重要组成部分。它们参与炎症的早期和活性氧的产生。这些快速的细胞信号通讯过程在几分钟的时间内完成。

在这项工作中，使用基于芯片实验室技术的电容式传感器，可在基于氧化铈的纳米颗粒触发时监测嗜中性粒细胞的活性和反应。该芯片旨在监测纳米粒子暴露过程中细胞的活化过程，这是首次将其在线记录为电容变化。互补的金属氧化物半导体工程芯片设计结合了低温共烧陶瓷，​​LTCC，封装技术。与通常使用的四点探针和电极与电池直接接触的阻抗谱电学测量相比，该方法无标签，并且可以在弱电磁场中轻轻地测量绝缘表面顶部的电池。

总之，这种无标记的方法可用于实时，分分钟地实时测量中性粒细胞粒细胞的氧化应激，并可视化在暴露于外部触发条件下中度和高细胞工作量的差异。它清楚地表明了这种方法在暴露外部触发条件下检测细胞反应的能力。以这种方式，获得了信息密集的非侵入性方法，以监视工作中的细胞。