Clinically noticeable increases in Clostridioides difficile infections (CDI) in excess of expectations, i.e., "outbreak", lacks a common definition. Understanding what magnitude of CDI incidence growth that constitutes an outbreak from hospitals' perspectives is valuable for retrospective analyses. This study identified CDI incidence metrics reported as outbreaks in the literature and compared these to Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project (HCUP) discharge data. Publications reported a median 4.1x incidence change between outbreak periods and reference periods (N=26, minimum: 2x incidence). However, this magnitude change in monthly incidence appeared once in HCUP (20 hospitals, 2012-2014). Hence, the literature may present extreme outbreak examples.

中文翻译：

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什么时候爆发？利用文献和排放数据来确定艰难梭菌的发病率变化，称为暴发。

临床上难辨梭状芽孢杆菌感染（CDI）的增加超过了预期，即“暴发”，缺乏一个统一的定义。从医院的角度了解构成疾病暴发的CDI发病率增长幅度对于回顾性分析很有价值。这项研究确定了在文献中报告为暴发的CDI发生率指标，并将其与医疗保健成本和利用项目（HCUP）排放数据进行了比较。出版物报道了暴发期和参考期之间发生率的中位数变化为4.1倍（N = 26，最小值：发生率2倍）。但是，HCUP月发生率的这种巨大变化一次出现了（20家医院，2012-2014年）。因此，文献可能会提供极端暴发的例子。