Abstract Pool boiling has a significant role in energy transfer in different industrial fields. In this study, the effects of CuO particles and combining to ultrasonic wave's irradiation (24 kHz) on heat transfer of water pool boiling were investigated. Four main parameters including heater tilting angle, particle size, particle concentration and irradiation time were considered. In addition, to accurate orientation of the copper element, departure diameter of bubbles, departure frequency of bubbles and their active nucleation sources were evaluated. The results revealed that big bubbles and small size of the particles appropriately increased the boiling heat transfer coefficient. Moreover, the ultrasonic waves well decreased the deposition of the particles resulted in remaining in a stable state. The optimization study suggests a boiling heat transfer coefficient (BHTC) of about 11.5 kW/m2.°C at the tilting angle of 15°, particle size of 20 nm, particle concentration of 0.075 wt% and irradiation time of 14 min. Finally, optimized cycle and power of the ultrasonic waves were found at 0.5–0.5 and 60% of power domain (1.2 kW), respectively. Finally, the experimental results at specified conditions revealed that the Kutateladze model had a good agreement than other models in developing the experimental data.

中文翻译：

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池沸腾曝露超声波与粒子添加传热优化研究

摘要 池沸腾在不同工业领域的能量转移中具有重要作用。在这项研究中，研究了 CuO 颗粒和结合超声波辐照（24 kHz）对水池沸腾传热的影响。考虑了四个主要参数，包括加热器倾斜角、颗粒尺寸、颗粒浓度和辐照时间。此外，为了准确定位铜元素，还评估了气泡的离开直径、气泡的离开频率及其活跃的成核源。结果表明，大气泡和小颗粒尺寸适当增加了沸腾传热系数。此外，超声波很好地减少了颗粒的沉积，从而保持稳定状态。优化研究表明，在倾斜角为 15°、粒径为 20 nm、粒子浓度为 0.075 wt% 和照射时间为 14 分钟时，沸腾传热系数 (BHTC) 约为 11.5 kW/m2.°C。最后，分别在 0.5-0.5 和 60% 的功率域 (1.2 kW) 下发现了超声波的优化周期和功率。最后，在特定条件下的实验结果表明，Kutateladze 模型在开发实验数据方面比其他模型具有良好的一致性。