We investigated gonadal effects on hypothalamic transcription of genes in sham-operated and castrated redheaded buntings photostimulated into spring and autumn migratory states. RNA-Seq results showed testes-dependent differences between spring and autumn migratory states. In particular, differentially expressed genes enriched G-protein-coupled receptor and calcium-ion signaling pathways during spring and autumn states, respectively. qPCR assay showed attenuated gabra5, ttr, thra and thrb expressions, suggesting reduced GABA and thyroid hormone effects on photo-sexual response in spring. In spring castrates, reduced npy, tac1 and nrcam and increased ank3 expression suggested testicular effects on the appetite, prolactin release and neuronal functions, whereas in autumn castrates, reduced rasgrp1, grm5 and grin1, and increased mras expression suggested testicular effects on the ras, G-protein and glutamate signaling pathways. Castration-induced reciprocal switching of pomc and pdyn expressions suggested effects on the overall homeostasis in both seasons. These results demonstrate transcriptome-wide changes, with season-dependent roles of testes in songbird migration.

中文翻译：

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在春季和秋季迁徙期间，季节性生殖状态决定着纬向候鸟鸣鸟下丘脑中的基因表达。

我们调查了性刺激对假手术和cast割的红发bun的下丘脑基因转录的性腺影响，这些bun被光刺激成春季和秋季迁徙状态。RNA-Seq结果显示春季和秋季迁徙状态之间的睾丸依赖性差异。特别是，差异表达的基因分别在春季和秋季期间丰富了G蛋白偶联的受体和钙离子信号传导途径。qPCR分析显示gabra5，ttr，thra和thrb表达减弱，提示GABA和甲状腺激素对春季光性反应的影响降低。在春季去势中，npy，tac1和nrcam减少，而ank3表达增加，表明睾丸对食欲，催乳素释放和神经元功能有影响，而在秋季去势中，rasgrp1，grm5和grin1减少，且mras表达增加提示睾丸对ras，G蛋白和谷氨酸信号通路有影响。去势诱导的pomc和pdyn表达的倒数转换表明对两个季节的总体稳态都有影响。这些结果证明了转录组范围内的变化，睾丸在鸣禽迁移中具有季节依赖性。