Achieving high cell potential supercapacitors in aqueous-based electrolytes is an essential step to the development of safe energy storage devices with high energy density. It is well known that the extension of cell potentials is due to the chemisorption of hydrogen in the micropores of activated carbon electrodes in neutral aqueous electrolytes. In this work, we have found that the structural feature, electronic property, and functional group of carbon electrodes do also play important roles to the cell potentials and performances of carbon-based supercapacitors. We employed four different carbons i.e., carbon fiber paper (CFP), functionalized carbon fiber paper (f-CFP), semiconducting macroporous reduced graphene oxide (rGO), and microporous activated carbon (AC) having different morphologies, structures, and functional groups. The symmetrical supercapacitors of AC and rGO show the maximum cell potential of 1.6 V by floating up to 200 h. This indicates that not only does the chemisorption of hydrogen within micropores play a key role on the wide working cell potentials (> 1.23 V) but others also play an important role confirmed by in situ mass spectrometry. This work may be useful for further development of carbon-based supercapacitors.

在水基电解质中获得高电池电位超级电容器是开发具有高能量密度的安全储能设备的必不可少的步骤。众所周知，电池电位的扩展是由于氢在中性水性电解质中的活性炭电极的微孔中的化学吸附。在这项工作中，我们发现碳电极的结构特征，电子性能和官能团的确对电池电位和碳基超级电容器的性能起着重要作用。我们使用了四种不同的碳，即碳纤维纸（CFP），功能化碳纤维纸（f-CFP），大孔还原性氧化石墨烯（rGO）和具有不同形态，结构和官能团的微孔活性炭（AC）。AC和rGO的对称超级电容器通过浮动200小时显示最大电池电势为1.6V。这表明，微孔内氢的化学吸附不仅对宽工作细胞电势（> 1.23 V）起关键作用，而且其他也起原位质谱证实的重要作用。这项工作对于进一步开发碳基超级电容器可能有用。