Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is a public health problem that affects over 38 million people worldwide. Although there are highly active antiretroviral therapies, emergence of antiviral resistant strains is a problem which leads to almost a million death annually. Thus, the development of new drugs is necessary. The viral enzyme reverse transcriptase (RT) represents a validated therapeutic target. Because the oxoquinolinic scaffold has substantial biological activities, including antiretroviral, a new series of 4-oxoquinoline ribonucleoside derivatives obtained by molecular hybridization were studied here. All synthesized compounds were tested against human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase (HIV-1 RT), and 9a and 9d displayed the highest antiviral activities, with IC₅₀ values of 1.4 and 1.6 μM, respectively. These compounds were less cytotoxic than AZT and showed CC₅₀ values of 1486 and 1394 μM, respectively. Molecular docking studies showed that the most active compounds bound to the allosteric site of the enzyme, suggesting a low susceptibility to the development of antiviral resistance. In silico pharmacokinetic and toxicological evaluations reinforced the potential of the active compounds as anti-HIV candidates for further exploration. Overall, this work showed that compounds 9a and 9d are promising scaffold for future anti-HIV-1 RT drug design.

1型人类免疫缺陷病毒（HIV-1）是一个公共卫生问题，全世界有3800万人受到影响。尽管有高效的抗逆转录病毒疗法，但抗病毒耐药菌株的出现是一个问题，每年导致近一百万人死亡。因此，开发新药是必要的。病毒酶逆转录酶（RT）代表经过验证的治疗靶标。由于氧喹喹啉类支架具有强大的生物学活性，包括抗逆转录病毒，因此，本文研究了通过分子杂交获得的一系列新的4-氧喹啉核糖核苷衍生物。测试了所有合成的化合物的人类免疫缺陷病毒1型逆转录酶（HIV-1 RT）以及9a和9d表现出最高的抗病毒活性，IC ₅₀值分别为1.4和1.6μM。这些化合物的细胞毒性低于AZT，CC ₅₀值分别为1486和1394μM。分子对接研究表明，活性最高的化合物与酶的变构位点结合，表明对抗病毒抗药性的敏感性较低。在计算机上进行的药代动力学和毒理学评估增强了该活性化合物作为抗HIV候选药物的潜力，可供进一步探索。总体而言，这项工作表明化合物9a和9d是用于未来抗HIV-1 RT药物设计的有希望的支架。