Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) represents a heterogeneous group of clonal hematopoietic disorders, which is characterized by cytopenias in the peripheral blood and bone marrow dysplasia due to ineffective hematopoiesis. Patients with MDS have an increased risk of transformation to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Although the molecular basis of MDS is heterogeneous, several studies demonstrated the significant contribution of the dysregulated immune system in accelerating MDS progression. The immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment is shown to induce tolerance of MDS blasts, which may result in a further accumulation of genetic aberrations and lead to the disease progression. Increasing evidence shows an expansion of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), a population of inflammation-associated immature cells, in patients with MDS. Interestingly, the increased MDSC populations are shown to be correlated with a risk of disease progression in MDS. In addition, MDS is highly prevalent in aged individuals with non-hematology co-morbidities who are fragile for chemotherapy. Increasing research effort is devoting to identify novel agents to specific targeting of the MDSC population for MDS treatment.

中文翻译：

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改善骨髓增生异常综合症中造血功能的新型组合。

骨髓增生异常综合症（MDS）代表了一组异类的克隆性造血疾病，其特征是由于无效的造血作用导致外周血中的血细胞减少和骨髓发育不良。MDS患者患急性髓细胞性白血病（AML）的风险增加。尽管MDS的分子基础是异质的，但一些研究表明，免疫系统失调在加速MDS进程中具有重要作用。免疫抑制性肿瘤微环境显示出对MDS blast的耐受性，这可能导致遗传畸变的进一步积累并导致疾病进展。越来越多的证据表明，MDS患者中骨髓来源的抑制细胞（MDSC）（一种与炎症相关的未成熟细胞）的数量正在增加。有趣的是 研究表明，增加的MDSC人群与MDS中疾病进展的风险相关。此外，MDS在易患化疗的非血液学合并症的老年患者中非常普遍。越来越多的研究工作致力于确定新型药物，以针对MDS治疗的MDSC人群的特定目标。