Anemia is common among people living with HIV infection (PLWH) and is associated with adverse health outcomes. Information on risk factors for anemia incidence in the current antiretroviral therapy (ART) era is lacking. Within a prospective clinical cohort of adult PLWH receiving care at eight sites across the United States between 1/2010–3/2018, Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were conducted among a) PLWH free of anemia at baseline and b) PLWH free of severe anemia at baseline to determine associations between time-updated patient characteristics and development of anemia (hemoglobin < 10 g/dL), or severe anemia (hemoglobin < 7.5 g/dL). Linear mixed effects models were used to examine relationships between patient characteristics and hemoglobin levels during follow-up. Hemoglobin levels were ascertained using laboratory data from routine clinical care. Potential risk factors included: age, sex, race/ethnicity, body mass index, smoking status, hazardous alcohol use, illicit drug use, hepatitis C virus (HCV) coinfection, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), CD4 cell count, viral load, ART use and time in care at CNICS site. This retrospective cohort study included 15,126 PLWH. During a median follow-up of 6.6 (interquartile range [IQR] 4.3–7.6) years, 1086 participants developed anemia and 465 participants developed severe anemia. Factors that were associated with incident anemia included: older age, female sex, black race, HCV coinfection, lower CD4 cell counts, VL ≥400 copies/ml and lower eGFR. Because anemia is a treatable condition associated with increased morbidity and mortality among PLWH, hemoglobin levels should be monitored routinely, especially among PLWH who have one or more risk factors for anemia.

中文翻译：

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当前治疗时代全美国艾滋病毒感染者中的贫血危险因素：一项临床队列研究。

贫血在感染HIV（PLWH）的人中很常见，并与不良健康后果相关。缺乏有关当前抗逆转录病毒疗法（ART）时代贫血发生危险因素的信息。在1 / 2010–3 / 2018年期间在美国八个地点接受治疗的成年PLWH的预期临床队列中，对a）基线无贫血症的PLWH和b）严重贫血的PLWH进行了Cox比例风险回归分析。在基线时确定患者的时间更新特征与贫血（血红蛋白<10 g / dL）或严重贫血（血红蛋白<7.5 g / dL）发展之间的关联。在随访期间，使用线性混合效应模型检查患者特征与血红蛋白水平之间的关系。使用常规临床护理的实验室数据确定血红蛋白水平。潜在的危险因素包括：年龄，性别，种族/民族，体重指数，吸烟状况，有害酒精使用，非法药物使用，丙型肝炎病毒（HCV）合并感染，肾小球滤过率（eGFR），CD4细胞计数，病毒载量，CNICS网站上的ART使用和护理时间。这项回顾性队列研究包括15,126个PLWH。在6.6年（四分位间距[IQR] 4.3-7.6）的中位随访期间，有1086名参与者发生了贫血，而465名参与者发生了严重的贫血。与事件性贫血相关的因素包括：老年，女性，黑人，HCV合并感染，CD4细胞计数降低，VL≥400拷贝/ ml和eGFR降低。由于贫血是一种可治愈的疾病，与PLWH中的发病率和死亡率增加有关，