Major biological polymerization processes achieve remarkable accuracy while operating out of thermodynamic equilibrium by utilizing the mechanism known as kinetic proofreading. Here, we study the interplay of the thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of proofreading by exploring the dissipation and catalytic rate, respectively, under the realistic constraint of fixed chemical potential difference. Theoretical analyses reveal no-monotonic variations of the catalytic rate and total entropy production rate (EPR), the latter quantifying the dissipation, at steady state. Applying this finding to a tRNA selection network in protein synthesis, we observe that the network tends to maximize both the EPR and catalytic rate, but not the accuracy. Simultaneously, the system tries to minimize the ratio of the EPRs due to the proofreading steps and the catalytic steps. Therefore, dissipation plays a guiding role in the optimization of the catalytic rate in the tRNA selection network of protein synthesis.

中文翻译：

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耗散在动力学校对网络中的指导作用：对蛋白质合成的影响

通过利用被称为动力学校对的机制，主要的生物聚合过程在达到热力学平衡的同时达到了惊人的准确性。在这里，我们在固定化学势差的现实约束下，分别通过探索耗散率和催化速率，研究了校对的热力学和动力学方面的相互作用。理论分析表明，在稳态时，催化速率和总熵产生率（EPR）不会出现单调变化，后者可以量化耗散量。将这一发现应用于蛋白质合成中的tRNA选择网络，我们观察到该网络倾向于最大化EPR和催化速率，但准确性不高。同时，由于校对步骤和催化步骤，系统试图使EPR的比率最小化。因此，耗散在蛋白质合成的tRNA选择网络中催化速率的优化中起着指导作用。