Diabetes is now a pandemic disease. Moreover, a large number of people with prediabetes are at risk for developing frank diabetes worldwide. Both type 1 and type 2 diabetes increase the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (CVD). Even with statin treatment to lower LDL cholesterol, patients with diabetes have a high residual CVD risk. Factors mediating the residual risk are incompletely characterized. An attractive hypothesis is that remnant lipoprotein particles (RLPs), derived by lipolysis from VLDL and chylomicrons, contribute to this residual risk. RLPs constitute a heterogeneous population of lipoprotein particles, varying markedly in size and composition. Although a universally accepted definition is lacking, for the purpose of this review we define RLPs as postlipolytic partially triglyceride-depleted particles derived from chylomicrons and VLDL that are relatively enriched in cholesteryl esters and apolipoprotein (apo)E. RLPs derived from chylomicrons contain apoB48, while those derived from VLDL contain apoB100. Clarity as to the role of RLPs in CVD risk is hampered by lack of a widely accepted definition and a paucity of adequate methods for their accurate and precise quantification. New specific methods for RLP quantification would greatly improve our understanding of their biology and role in promoting atherosclerosis in diabetes and other disorders.

中文翻译：

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富含甘油三酯的脂蛋白、糖尿病和心血管疾病的残留物

糖尿病现在是一种流行病。此外，全世界有大量糖尿病前期患者有患上糖尿病的风险。1 型和 2 型糖尿病都会增加动脉粥样硬化性心血管疾病 (CVD) 的风险。即使用他汀类药物治疗来降低 LDL 胆固醇，糖尿病患者仍有很高的 CVD 风险。调节剩余风险的因素没有完全表征。一个有吸引力的假设是残余脂蛋白颗粒 (RLP)，由 VLDL 和乳糜微粒中的脂解产生，导致这种残留风险。RLP 构成了一个异质的脂蛋白颗粒群，在大小和组成上有显着差异。虽然缺乏一个普遍接受的定义，出于本次审查的目的，我们将 RLP 定义为来自乳糜微粒和 VLDL 的脂解后部分甘油三酯耗尽的颗粒，它们相对富含胆固醇酯和载脂蛋白 (apo)E。源自乳糜微粒的 RLP 含有 apoB48，而源自 VLDL 的 RLP 含有 apoB100。由于缺乏广泛接受的定义以及缺乏准确和精确量化的适当方法，RLP 在 CVD 风险中的作用的明确性受到阻碍。RLP 量化的新特定方法将大大提高我们对其生物学和促进糖尿病和其他疾病中动脉粥样硬化作用的理解。由于缺乏广泛接受的定义以及缺乏准确和精确量化的适当方法，RLP 在 CVD 风险中的作用的明确性受到阻碍。RLP 量化的新特定方法将大大提高我们对其生物学和促进糖尿病和其他疾病中动脉粥样硬化作用的理解。由于缺乏广泛接受的定义以及缺乏准确和精确量化的适当方法，RLP 在 CVD 风险中的作用的明确性受到阻碍。RLP 量化的新特定方法将大大提高我们对其生物学和促进糖尿病和其他疾病中动脉粥样硬化作用的理解。