Rapid Volatilization Induced Mechanically Robust Shape-Morphing Structures toward 4D Printing,ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

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Rapid Volatilization Induced Mechanically Robust Shape-Morphing Structures toward 4D Printing
ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces ( IF 8.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-04-03 , DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c02038
Qiang Zhang _{1,

2} , Xiao Kuang ₁ , Shayuan Weng _{1,

3} , Zeang Zhao ₂ , Haosen Chen ₄ , Daining Fang _{2,

4} , H. Jerry Qi ₁

Affiliation

Inspired by diverse shape-shifting phenomena in nature, various man-made shape programmable materials have been developed for applications in actuators, deployable devices, and soft robots. However, fabricating mechanically robust shape-morphing structures with on-demand, rapid shape-transformation capability, and high load-bearing capacity is still a great challenge. Herein, we report a mechanically robust and rapid shape-shifting material system enabled by the volatilization of a non-fully-reacted, volatile component in a partially cured cross-linking network obtained from photopolymerization. Volume shrinkage induced by the loss of the volatile component is exploited to drive complex shape transformations. After shape transformation, the residual monomers, cross-linkers, and photoinitiators that cannot volatilize still exist in the network, which is ready for a further photopolymerization to significantly stiffen the initial material. Guided by analytic models and finite element analysis, we experimentally demonstrate that a variety of shape transformations can be achieved, including both 2D-to-3D and 3D-to-3D′ transformations, such as a buckyball self-folding from a 2D hexagonal lattice sheet and multiple pop-up structures transforming from their initial compact configurations. Moreover, we show that an ultra-low-weight 3D Miura-ori structure transformed from a 2D sheet can hold more than 1600 times its weight after stiffness improvement via postcuring. This work provides a versatile and low-cost method to fabricate rapid and robust shape-morphing structures for potential applications in soft robots, deployable antennas, and optical devices.

中文翻译：

快速挥发引起的机械坚固的变形结构向4D打印

受自然界中各种形变现象的启发，已开发出各种人造形状可编程材料，用于致动器，可展开设备和软机器人中。然而，制造具有按需，快速的形状变换能力和高承载能力的机械坚固的形状变形结构仍然是巨大的挑战。本文中，我们报告了一种机械坚固且快速变形的材料体系，该体系通过未完全反应的挥发性组分在光聚合获得的部分固化的交联网络中挥发而实现。由挥发性成分损失引起的体积收缩被用来驱动复杂的形状转换。形状转换后，网络中仍然存在无法挥发的残留单体，交联剂和光引发剂，这准备好进行进一步的光聚合以显着增强初始材料。在分析模型和有限元分析的指导下，我们通过实验证明了可以实现多种形状转换，包括2D到3D和3D到3D'转换，例如从2D六角形格子自动折叠的布基球。表格和多个弹出式结构从其最初的紧凑配置转变而来。此外，我们表明，通过后固化提高刚度后，从2D图纸转换而来的超低重量3D Miura-ori结构可以承载其重量的1600倍以上。这项工作提供了一种通用且低成本的方法来制造快速且坚固的形状变形结构，以用于软机器人，可部署天线和光学设备中的潜在应用。

更新日期：2020-04-03

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