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On viscoplastic regularisation of strain‐softening rocks and soils
International Journal for Numerical and Analytical Methods in Geomechanics ( IF 4 ) Pub Date : 2020-01-23 , DOI: 10.1002/nag.3046
René Borst 1 , Thibault Duretz 2
Affiliation  

Constitutive models for rocks and soils typically incorporate some form of strain softening. Moreover, many plasticity models for frictional materials use a nonassociated flow rule. Strain softening and nonassociated flow rules can cause loss of well‐posedness of the initial‐value problem, which can lead to a severe mesh dependence in simulations and poor convergence of the iterative solution procedure. The inclusion of viscosity, which is a common property of materials, seems a natural way to restore well‐posedness, but the mathematical properties of a rate‐dependent model, and therefore the effectiveness with respect to the removal of mesh dependence, can depend strongly on how the viscous element is incorporated. Herein, we show that rate‐dependent models, which are commonly applied to problems in the Earth's lithosphere, such as plate tectonics, are very different from the approach typically adopted for more shallow geotechnical engineering problems. We analyse the properties of these models under dynamic loadings, using dispersion analyses and one‐dimensional finite difference analyses, and complement them with two‐dimensional simulations of a typical strain localisation problem under quasi‐static loading conditions. Finally, we point out that a combined model, which features two viscous elements, may be the best way forward for modelling time‐dependent failure processes in the deeper layers of the Earth, since it not only enables modelling of the creep characteristics typical of long‐term behaviour but also regularises the initial/boundary‐value problem.

中文翻译:

关于应变软化岩石和土壤的粘塑性正则化

岩石和土壤的本构模型通常包含某种形式的应变软化。此外,许多摩擦材料的可塑性模型都使用非关联的流动规则。应变软化和不相关的流动规则会导致初始值问题的正确性丧失,从而可能导致模拟中网格的严重依赖性以及迭代求解程序的收敛性较差。包含粘度(这是材料的一种常见属性),似乎是恢复良好状态的自然方法,但是速率相关模型的数学属性以及因此消除网格相关性的有效性在很大程度上取决于关于如何结合粘性元素的。本文中,我们展示了速率依赖模型,该模型通常适用于地球岩石圈的问题,诸如板块构造学等与通常用于解决较浅的岩土工程问题的方法大不相同。我们使用色散分析和一维有限差分分析来分析这些模型在动态载荷下的特性,并通过准静态载荷条件下典型应变局部化问题的二维模拟对它们进行补充。最后,我们指出,具有两个粘性元素的组合模型可能是对地球更深层中与时间相关的失效过程进行建模的最佳方法,因为它不仅可以对长周期的典型蠕变特性进行建模长期行为,但也规范了初始/边值问题。与较浅的岩土工程问题通常采用的方法大不相同。我们使用色散分析和一维有限差分分析来分析这些模型在动态载荷下的特性,并通过准静态载荷条件下典型应变局部化问题的二维模拟对它们进行补充。最后,我们指出,具有两个粘性元素的组合模型可能是对地球更深层中与时间相关的失效过程进行建模的最佳方法,因为它不仅可以对长周期的典型蠕变特性进行建模短期行为,但也规范了初始/边值问题。与较浅的岩土工程问题通常采用的方法大不相同。我们使用色散分析和一维有限差分分析来分析这些模型在动态载荷下的特性,并通过准静态载荷条件下典型应变局部化问题的二维模拟对它们进行补充。最后,我们指出,具有两个粘性元素的组合模型可能是对地球更深层中与时间相关的失效过程进行建模的最佳方法,因为它不仅可以对长周期的典型蠕变特性进行建模长期行为,但也规范了初始/边值问题。使用色散分析和一维有限差分分析,并在准静态载荷条件下对典型应变局部化问题的二维模拟进行补充。最后,我们指出,具有两个粘性元素的组合模型可能是对地球更深层中与时间相关的失效过程进行建模的最佳方法,因为它不仅可以对长周期的典型蠕变特性进行建模长期行为,但也规范了初始/边值问题。使用色散分析和一维有限差分分析,并在准静态载荷条件下对典型应变局部化问题的二维模拟进行补充。最后,我们指出,具有两个粘性元素的组合模型可能是对地球更深层中与时间相关的失效过程进行建模的最佳方法,因为它不仅可以对长周期的典型蠕变特性进行建模长期行为,但也规范了初始/边值问题。
更新日期:2020-01-23
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