Wake effects increase the fatigue loads on wind turbines in operation. However, the wake flow is considerably different from the traditional boundary layer flow, and poses many challenges in determining the fatigue loads on wind turbines operating in a wake. Therefore, in the present study, the actuator‐line model was adopted to numerically simulate the wake flow and an in‐house code named AOWT, which is based on a generalized coordinate method, was developed for analyzing the dynamics of wind turbines under an arbitrary distribution of the turbulent flow field varying in time and space. Using the numerically modeled instantaneous wake flow fields and AOWT, the dynamic response of a wind turbine, located at specified positions in both tandem and staggered arrangements in a wake, was examined, and the fatigue loads were determined. Furthermore, to determine the major contributions to the fatigue loads, the loads induced by the spatial variation of the mean flow fields were predicted. To the best of the authors' knowledge, no such analysis has been conducted thus far. Importantly, it was found that in the near‐wake region, the mean flow field had a significant influence on the fatigue loads, especially in the staggered layout. However, there is no analytical wake model available in the literature capable of predicting the near‐wake mean flow fields. Therefore, in this study, a near‐wake model was proposed, which yielded satisfactory predictions of the mean velocities in the near‐wake region.

中文翻译：

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尾流运行的风力涡轮机疲劳载荷的数值模拟

唤醒效应增加了运行中的风力涡轮机的疲劳负荷。然而，尾流与传统的边界层流有很大不同，并且在确定尾流中运行的风力涡轮机的疲劳载荷时提出了许多挑战。因此，在本研究中，采用执行器线模型对尾流进行数值模拟，并开发了基于广义坐标法的内部代码AOWT，以分析任意条件下的风力涡轮机动力。湍流场的分布随时间和空间而变化。使用数值模拟的瞬时尾流流场和AOWT，检查了位于尾流中串联和交错布置的指定位置的风力涡轮机的动态响应，并确定了疲劳载荷。此外，为了确定对疲劳载荷的主要贡献，预测了由平均流场的空间变化引起的载荷。据作者所知，迄今为止尚未进行过此类分析。重要的是，发现在近尾流区域，平均流场对疲劳载荷有显着影响，尤其是在交错布局中。但是，文献中没有可用的分析尾流模型来预测近尾平均流场。因此，在这项研究中，提出了一种近尾波模型，该模型对近尾波区的平均速度给出了令人满意的预测。到目前为止，尚未进行任何此类分析。重要的是，发现在近尾流区域，平均流场对疲劳载荷有显着影响，尤其是在交错布局中。但是，文献中没有可用的分析尾流模型来预测近尾平均流场。因此，在这项研究中，提出了一个近尾波模型，该模型对近尾波区的平均速度给出了令人满意的预测。到目前为止，尚未进行过此类分析。重要的是，发现在近尾流区域，平均流场对疲劳载荷有显着影响，尤其是在交错布局中。但是，文献中没有可用的分析尾流模型来预测近尾平均流场。因此，在这项研究中，提出了一个近尾波模型，该模型对近尾波区的平均速度给出了令人满意的预测。