Coping style is defined as a set of individual physiological and behavioural characteristics consistent across time and context. In the zebrafish Danio rerio, as well as in many other animals, several covariations have been established between behavioural, physiological, and molecular responses. However, not many studies have addressed the consistency of behavioural responses over time starting at the larval stage. Therefore, we aimed to improve our understanding of behavioural consistency across context and over time in zebrafish from the larval to juvenile stages. We conducted two distinct experiments: a larval stage experiment (from 8 to 21 days post fertilization, dpf) and a juvenile stage experiment (from 21 to 60 dpf). On one hand, the larval experiment allows to focus on the transition between 8 and 21 dpf, marked by significant morphological changes related to the end of larval stage and initiation of metamorphosis. On the other hand, the juvenile experiment allows to properly cover the period extending from the end of larval stage to the juvenile stage (60 dpf) including metamorphosis which is itself completed around 45 dpf. Within each experiment, boldness was determined using a group risk-taking test to identify bold and shy individuals. A novel environment test was then performed at the same age to evaluate consistency across context. Groups of fish (either bold or shy) were bathed in an alizarin red S solution for later identification of their initially determined coping style to evaluate behavioural consistency over time. Fish were then reared under common garden conditions and challenged again with the same behavioural tests at a later age (21 and 60 dpf in the larval and juvenile experiments, respectively). We observed behavioural consistency across context, with bold fish being more active and expressing higher thigmotaxis regardless of age. There was, however, little behavioural consistency over age, suggesting behavioural plasticity during development. Moreover, the use of alizarin red S to conduct this experiment provides new perspectives for the further study of the longitudinal evolution of various traits, including behaviour, over life stages in fish. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

中文翻译：

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斑马鱼 Danio rerio 在幼虫和幼鱼阶段表现出行为的跨环境一致性，但在阶段之间没有一致性

应对方式被定义为一组跨时间和背景一致的个人生理和行为特征。在斑马鱼 Danio rerio 以及许多其他动物中，已经在行为、生理和分子反应之间建立了几种协变。然而，从幼虫阶段开始，随着时间的推移，行为反应的一致性问题并没有多少研究。因此，我们的目标是提高我们对斑马鱼从幼虫到幼年阶段跨上下文和随着时间的推移行为一致性的理解。我们进行了两个不同的实验：幼虫阶段实验（受精后 8 至 21 天，dpf）和幼虫阶段实验（21 至 60 dpf）。一方面，幼虫实验允许专注于 8 和 21 dpf 之间的过渡，以与幼虫阶段结束和变态开始有关的显着形态变化为标志。另一方面，幼体实验允许适当地覆盖从幼虫阶段结束到幼体阶段 (60 dpf) 的时期，包括本身在 45 dpf 左右完成的变态。在每个实验中，通过群体冒险测试来确定大胆和害羞的个体。然后在同一年龄进行了新的环境测试，以评估跨上下文的一致性。成群的鱼（大胆的或害羞的）被浸泡在茜素红 S 溶液中，以便稍后识别它们最初确定的应对方式，以评估随着时间的推移行为的一致性。然后在普通花园条件下饲养鱼，并在以后的年龄（分别在幼虫和幼鱼实验中分别为 21 和 60 dpf）用相同的行为测试再次挑战。我们观察到不同环境下的行为一致性，无论年龄如何，大胆的鱼都更活跃并表达更高的趋向性。然而，随着年龄的增长几乎没有行为一致性，这表明发育过程中的行为可塑性。此外，使用茜素红 S 进行该实验为进一步研究鱼类在整个生命阶段的各种性状（包括行为）的纵向进化提供了新的视角。本文受版权保护。版权所有。大胆的鱼更活跃，无论年龄如何都表现出更高的趋向性。然而，随着年龄的增长几乎没有行为一致性，这表明发育过程中的行为可塑性。此外，使用茜素红 S 进行该实验为进一步研究鱼类在整个生命阶段的各种性状（包括行为）的纵向进化提供了新的视角。本文受版权保护。版权所有。大胆的鱼更活跃，无论年龄如何都表现出更高的趋向性。然而，随着年龄的增长几乎没有行为一致性，这表明发育过程中的行为可塑性。此外，使用茜素红 S 进行该实验为进一步研究鱼类在整个生命阶段的各种性状（包括行为）的纵向进化提供了新的视角。本文受版权保护。版权所有。本文受版权保护。版权所有。本文受版权保护。版权所有。