The objective of this study was to determine 13‐year management effects on soil properties between a corn–soybean (Zea mays–Glycine max) cropping system (CSRS) and vegetable production systems (VPS) on a soil in central Ohio. Three treatments included in the VPS were: (1) addition of wood chips, (2) permanent raised beds (PRB) with black polyethylene film (20 μm thick), and (3) bare soil surface (BSS). Additionally, (4) animal manure was applied in all CSRS and VPS treatments except for the wood chips (WCP) added plot in the VPS. Research data from the study show that relatively more soil organic carbon (SOC) stock in the 0–20 cm soil depth of the BSS treatment (100.6 Mg ha⁻¹) was primarily due to differences in the type of soil amendments applied. For example, composted poultry manure was applied in the BSS and PRB plots, compared with input of fresh dairy manure mixed with straw being applied in the CSRS. Furthermore, soil management practices that aided in avoiding or reducing soil compaction (i.e., PRB or application of WCP in the surface) resulted in the overall improvement in soil structure and water retention, compared with that under chisel and disc ploughing done in the CSRS. The highest plant available water capacity (1.79 cm) was observed in the CSRS compared with 0.97 cm under BSS and PRB plots. These trends suggest that the type and amount of animal manure is critical to increasing SOC stocks in intensively cultivated VPS and CSRS in central Ohio, while also improving soil structure and water retention.

中文翻译：

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长期作物管理对美国俄亥俄州中部农田土壤中有机碳，结构和水分保持的影响

这项研究的目的是确定在俄亥俄州中部地区的玉米－大豆（玉米（Zea mays－Glycine max））种植系统（CSRS）和蔬菜生产系统（VPS）之间对土壤特性的13年管理影响。VPS中包括三种处理方法：（1）添加木屑；（2）带有黑色聚乙烯薄膜（厚度为20μm）的永久性高架床（PRB）；以及（3）裸露的土壤表面（BSS）。此外，除了在VPS中添加木片（WCP）的地块外，（4）在所有CSRS和VPS处理中均应用了动物粪便。该研究的研究数据表明，在BSS处理的0-20厘米土壤深度中，相对较多的土壤有机碳（SOC）储量（100.6 Mg ha ^-1）的主要原因是所使用的土壤改良剂类型不同。例如，将堆肥的家禽粪便应用于BSS和PRB地块，与之相比，在CSRS中使用混合了秸秆的新鲜奶牛粪便。此外，土壤管理实践有助于避免或减少土壤压实（即，PRB或WCP在地面上的施用），与CSRS进行的凿子和圆盘耕作相比，在土壤结构和保水性方面得到了总体改善。在CSRS中观察到最高的植物可用水容量（1.79厘米），而在BSS和PRB小区中则为0.97厘米。这些趋势表明，动物粪便的类型和数量对于在俄亥俄州中部集约化种植的VPS和CSRS中增加SOC储量至关重要，同时也改善了土壤结构和保水能力。