As the land area of short‐rotation coppice (SRC) increases, their soil physical impacts have to be evaluated. The objective of this study was to detect the effects of long‐term SRC with poplar and willow on the vertical distribution of soil physical properties (bulk density, water retention, penetration resistance) and on solute transport patterns. An 18‐year‐old SRC located in northeastern Germany was compared to an adjacent continuous arable cropping system by means of soil sampling, penetrologger measurements and dye tracer experiments. The topsoil's bulk density was significantly lower under SRC than under cropland. This effect was especially pronounced in the uppermost 10 cm, where also the air capacity and the plant‐available water content were higher under SRC. The penetration resistance in 25–50 cm depth was reduced under SRC compared to the cropland, indicating a loosening of the plough pan. Dye tracer experiments showed that the importance of preferential flow was higher under SRC due to tree root channels and an increasing colonisation with invertebrates. SRC has ecologically advantageous effects on soil physical properties of the topsoil, however, combined with an enhanced risk of preferential solute transport upon application of agrochemicals.

中文翻译：

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杨树和柳树轮作对土壤物理性质的影响

随着短转小灌木林（SRC）的土地面积的增加，必须评估它们对土壤的物理影响。这项研究的目的是检测杨树和柳树长期SRC对土壤物理性质（散装密度，保水性，抗渗透性）的垂直分布以及溶质运移模式的影响。通过土壤采样，渗透记录仪测量和染料示踪剂实验，将位于德国东北部的一个18岁的SRC与相邻的连续耕作系统进行了比较。在SRC条件下，表土的容重明显低于农田。在最上方的10厘米处，这种影响尤为明显，在SRC下，空气容量和工厂可用的水分含量也更高。与农田相比，SRC降低了25–50 cm深度的穿透阻力，表明犁盘松动。染料示踪剂实验表明，由于树根通道和无脊椎动物定殖的增加，SRC条件下优先流动的重要性更高。SRC对表土的土壤物理特性具有生态上的有利影响，但是，在施用农药时，优先溶质的转运风险增加。