Replacement of fish meal (FM) and oil (FO) by plant sources can alter the feed mineral profile. However, requirements of these nutrients have not been established for gilthead sea bream. The aim of the present study was to obtain information about the adequate levels of some of these minerals (such as Zn, Cu, Mn, Se, Co, Fe and Ca) in diets with low FM and FO levels. Six plant‐based practical diets were supplemented with increasing levels of a multi‐nutrient package for 155 days. Performance parameters, biochemical analyses of whole body, vertebrae, plasma and blood cells; haematocrit; expression of several genes in liver and vertebrae were conducted. Increasing multi‐nutrient package affected fish growth, expression of molecular markers and mineral content in different tissues. A regression method was used to establish a relation between multi‐nutrient package levels and different indicators. However, nutrient interactions made it difficult to obtain clear results and so specific effects of each mineral must be studied in more detail. Mineral supplementation was required for Zn, Cu, Mn, Se and Co, whilst basal levels of Ca were sufficient to cover the optimum levels. On the other hand, there is evidence regarding a possible interaction between Fe and Zn which reduced Fe availability and absorption.

中文翻译：

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多种营养组合物中矿物质的分级水平对以植物性饮食喂养的金头鲷（Sparus aurata）的影响

用植物来源代替鱼粉（FM）和油（FO）可以改变饲料的矿物质状况。但是，对于金头鲷，尚未确定对这些营养素的需求。本研究的目的是获得有关低FM和FO水平的饮食中某些矿物质（例如Zn，Cu，Mn，Se，Co，Fe和Ca）的适当含量的信息。六种以植物为基础的实用饮食在155天之内增加了多种营养素的含量。性能参数，全身，椎骨，血浆和血细胞的生化分析；分血器; 在肝脏和椎骨中进行了几种基因的表达。增加多种营养的包装会影响鱼类的生长，分子标记的表达以及不同组织中的矿物质含量。回归方法用于建立多种营养组合物含量与不同指标之间的关系。但是，养分之间的相互作用使得很难获得清晰的结果，因此必须更详细地研究每种矿物质的具体作用。锌，铜，锰，硒和钴需要矿物质补充，而钙的基础含量足以覆盖最佳含量。另一方面，有证据表明铁和锌之间可能发生相互作用，从而降低了铁的利用率和吸收率。