To support the expected increase in aquaculture production during the next years, a wider range of alternative ingredients to fishmeal is needed, towards contributing to an increase in production sustainability. This study aimed to test diets formulated with non‐conventional feed ingredients on gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) growth performance, feed utilization, apparent digestibility of nutrients and nutrient outputs to the environment. Four isonitrogenous and isoenergetic diets were formulated: a control diet (CTRL) similar to a commercial feed and three experimental diets containing, as main protein sources, plant by‐products, glutens and concentrates (PLANT); processed animal proteins (PAP); or micro/macroalgae, insect meals and yeast (EMERG). Diets were tested in triplicate during 80 days. The EMERG treatment resulted in lower fish growth performance, higher FCR and lower nutrient and energy retentions than the other treatments. The lowest protein digestibility was found for the EMERG diet, which caused increased nitrogen losses. The PLANT and PAP treatments resulted in better fish growth performance, higher nutrient and energy retentions, and lower FCR than the CTRL treatment. The significant improvement in FCR found for fish fed PLANT and PAP diets and the high protein digestibility of these diets contribute towards minimizing the environmental impacts of seabream production.

中文翻译：

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金头鲷日粮的替代配方：迈向更可持续的生产

为了支持未来几年水产养殖产量的预期增长，需要更广泛的鱼粉替代成分，以促进生产可持续性的提高。本研究旨在测试用非常规饲料成分配制的日粮对金头鲷 (Sparus aurata) 的生长性能、饲料利用率、营养物质的表观消化率和营养物质对环境的影响。配制了四种等氮和等能日粮：类似于商业饲料的对照日粮 (CTRL) 和含有作为主要蛋白质来源的植物副产品、麸质和浓缩物 (PLANT) 的三种实验日粮；加工动物蛋白（PAP）；或微型/大型藻类、昆虫粉和酵母 (EMERG)。在 80 天内重复三次测试饮食。与其他处理相比，EMERG 处理导致较低的鱼生长性能、较高的 FCR 以及较低的营养和能量保留。发现 EMERG 饮食的蛋白质消化率最低，这会导致氮损失增加。与 CTRL 处理相比，PLANT 和 PAP 处理导致更好的鱼生长性能、更高的营养和能量保留以及更低的 FCR。发现以植物和 PAP 饲料喂养的鱼的 FCR 显着改善，以及这些饲料的高蛋白质消化率有助于最大限度地减少鲷鱼生产对环境的影响。与 CTRL 处理相比，PLANT 和 PAP 处理导致更好的鱼生长性能、更高的营养和能量保留以及更低的 FCR。发现以植物和 PAP 饲料喂养的鱼的 FCR 显着改善，以及这些饲料的高蛋白质消化率有助于最大限度地减少鲷鱼生产对环境的影响。与 CTRL 处理相比，PLANT 和 PAP 处理导致更好的鱼生长性能、更高的营养和能量保留以及更低的 FCR。发现以植物和 PAP 饲料喂养的鱼的 FCR 显着改善，以及这些饲料的高蛋白质消化率有助于最大限度地减少鲷鱼生产对环境的影响。