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Vegetation encroachment drives changes in the composition of butterfly assemblages and species loss in Mediterranean ecosystems
Insect Conservation and Diversity ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-10 , DOI: 10.1111/icad.12397 Andreu Ubach 1 , Ferran Páramo 1 , Cèsar Gutiérrez 1 , Constantí Stefanescu 1, 2
中文翻译：
植被侵占推动地中海生态系统中蝴蝶组合的组成变化和物种丧失
更新日期：2019-12-10
Insect Conservation and Diversity ( IF 3.2 ) Pub Date : 2019-12-10 , DOI: 10.1111/icad.12397 Andreu Ubach 1 , Ferran Páramo 1 , Cèsar Gutiérrez 1 , Constantí Stefanescu 1, 2
Affiliation
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- Land abandonment and loss of grazing have been amongst the primary drivers of landscape change in the Mediterranean basin in the recent decades. As a consequence, forest cover has greatly expanded in detrimental of semi‐natural grasslands, areas of cultivation and pasture mosaics. Although predictably important, the impact that this phenomenon has on biodiversity has remained largely unexplored, partly because of lack of appropriate data.
- Here, we make use of an extensive citizen science program, the Catalan Butterfly Monitoring Scheme, to quantify the response of butterfly assemblages to vegetation encroachment in NE Spain. We first adapted an index to describe the preference of 147 butterfly species for open or closed habitats and found a strong association of most species for open habitats.
- We developed a community index to record changes in 54 long‐term monitored sites (10 years or more), where plant communities were also periodically monitored. Butterfly assemblages have undergone changes toward species preferring closed habitats in 72% of the studied sites, in parallel to a process of vegetation encroachment in the region.
- Community changes were linked to population trends, and could be locally predicted by the interaction of the preference of butterfly species for open or closed habitats and the magnitude of vegetation encroachment at each site. These changes were accompanied by frequent extinction events (4.53% of the studied populations), that were highly biased toward species preferring open habitats. Our study confirms and quantifies the threat that vegetation encroachment imposes on biodiversity in this highly diverse region.
中文翻译：
植被侵占推动地中海生态系统中蝴蝶组合的组成变化和物种丧失
- 近几十年来，土地遗弃和放牧丧失一直是地中海盆地景观变化的主要驱动力。结果，森林覆盖率大大扩大，对半天然草地，耕种面积和牧场马赛克产生了不利影响。尽管可以预见的很重要，但这种现象对生物多样性的影响在很大程度上尚未得到探索，部分原因是缺乏适当的数据。
- 在这里，我们利用广泛的公民科学计划，即加泰罗尼亚语蝴蝶监测计划，来量化西班牙东北部蝴蝶群对植被侵蚀的响应。我们首先采用了一个索引来描述147种蝶类对开放或封闭生境的偏爱，并发现大多数物种与开放生境有很强的联系。
- 我们开发了一个社区指数来记录54个长期监测站点（10年或更长时间）中的变化，这些站点还定期监测了植物群落。在该地区72％的被调查地点中，蝴蝶种群已经发生了向喜欢封闭栖息地的物种转变，与此同时，该地区的植被受到了侵害。
- 社区的变化与人口趋势有关，可以通过蝴蝶物种对开放或封闭生境的偏爱以及每个地点的植被入侵程度的相互作用来局部预测。这些变化伴随着频繁的物种灭绝事件（占研究种群的4.53％），这些物种高度偏向喜欢开放栖息地的物种。我们的研究证实并量化了植被入侵对这个高度多样性地区的生物多样性的威胁。
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