BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The growth and development of grapevine is constrained by temperature, affecting the bulk of physiological processes of the plant. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of climate change on thermal resources and limitations in the context of Georgia, one of the oldest viticultural areas in the world. METHODS AND RESULTS: The analysis on daily series of temperature for the time period 1974–2013 for the main viticultural areas of Georgia shows that an abrupt change to warmer temperature occurred in 1994, leading to a decline in low temperature stress and an increase in high temperature stress, associated with more frequent heat waves. The availability of thermal resources for grapevine growth remained unchanged. CONCLUSIONS: In Georgia, the shift to warmer temperature did not affect the availability of thermal resources for grapegrowing. Although some attention should be paid to possible damage due to an earlier budburst and increased frost risk. Furthermore, it is important to highlight the strong increase of summer heatwaves with potential negative impacts on grape composition and phenolic maturity, when combined with severe water stress. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY: Quantitative studies of the effects of climate change on Georgian viticulture are essential to develop adaptation strategies based on either germplasm (e.g. rootstocks and cultivars) and agronomical practices (e.g. pruning, trellis systems, soil and water management).

中文翻译：

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格鲁吉亚葡萄栽培热资源的变化和限制

背景与目的：葡萄藤的生长发育受温度的限制，影响植物的大部分生理过程。本研究的目的是评估气候变化对世界上最古老的葡萄种植区之一乔治亚州的热资源和限制的影响。方法与结果：格鲁吉亚主要葡萄种植区 1974-2013 年逐日气温序列分析表明，1994 年气温骤变，导致低温胁迫下降，高温胁迫增加。温度压力，与更频繁的热浪有关。用于葡萄生长的热资源的可用性保持不变。结论：在格鲁吉亚，向更高温度的转变并未影响葡萄种植热资源的可用性。尽管应该注意由于较早的萌芽和增加的霜冻风险而可能造成的损害。此外，重要的是要强调夏季热浪的强烈增加，当与严重的水分胁迫相结合时，这会对葡萄成分和酚类成熟度产生潜在的负面影响。研究的意义：气候变化对格鲁吉亚葡萄栽培影响的定量研究对于制定基于种质（例如砧木和栽培品种）和农艺实践（例如修剪、格架系统、土壤和水管理）的适应策略至关重要。重要的是要强调夏季热浪的强烈增加，当与严重的水分胁迫相结合时，会对葡萄成分和酚类成熟度产生潜在的负面影响。研究的意义：气候变化对格鲁吉亚葡萄栽培影响的定量研究对于制定基于种质（例如砧木和栽培品种）和农艺实践（例如修剪、格架系统、土壤和水管理）的适应策略至关重要。重要的是要强调夏季热浪的强烈增加，当与严重的水分胁迫相结合时，会对葡萄成分和酚类成熟度产生潜在的负面影响。研究的意义：气候变化对格鲁吉亚葡萄栽培影响的定量研究对于制定基于种质（例如砧木和栽培品种）和农艺实践（例如修剪、格架系统、土壤和水管理）的适应策略至关重要。