The fine sand fraction (50–250 μm) of Mediterranean soils from southern Spain provides valuable information on soil genesis and the origin of their parent materials. This study considers the whole fine sand and heavy fine sand (ρ > 2.82 g cm⁻³) of Luvisols, Calcisols and Fluvisols, which form a chronosequence (ages from 600 to 0.3 ka) of the River Guadalquivir terrace system. Advanced techniques (X‐ray diffraction, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy, variable pressure scanning electron microscope with an energy dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy system and Raman analysis) were employed. Inheritance is the principal pedogenic process. The whole fine sand consisted of carbonates (calcite and dolomite), tectosilicates (quartz, K‐feldspar and plagioclases), phyllosilicates (illite/moscovite, biotite, Na‐mica, chlorite, kaolinite, interstratified vermiculite‐chlorite, vermiculite‐illite and smectite‐illite) and iron oxides (goethite and haematite). The minor minerals (rutile, anatase, ilmenite, zircon, staurolite, monazite, barite, apatite, andalusite, garnet and titanite) are concentrated, also through inheritance, in the heavy fine sand. However, there is also substantiated evidence for neoformation of rutile in these soils, never reported previously. In addition, we report that (a) the geochemical indices calculated in fine sand (SiO₂/CaO, Chemical Index of Weathering (CIW), Weathering Index of Parker (WIP), Weathering Index (WI), Base Depletion Index (BDI), Weathering Ratio (WR) and Sr/Zr) are closely related to soil age, allowing chronofunctions to be established, and (b) geochemical indices provide information on the origin of soils and permit the establishment of a “critical point” corresponding to “time zero;” that is, the start of pedogenic alteration of the parent material.

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来自细沙的成岩信息：地中海土壤研究

西班牙南部地中海土壤的细砂粒（50-250μm）为土壤成因及其母体来源提供了有价值的信息。本研究考虑了整个细砂和重粉砂（ρ> 2.82 g cm ^-3）卢维索尔，钙化溶胶和氟维索尔，形成了瓜达尔基维尔河梯田系统的时间序列（从600到0.3 ka）。使用了先进的技术（X射线衍射，电感耦合等离子体质谱，电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱，带有能量色散X射线光谱系统的可变压力扫描电子显微镜和拉曼分析）。继承是主要的成因过程。整个细砂包括碳酸盐（方解石和白云石），硅酸盐（石英，钾长石和斜长石），层状硅酸盐（伊利石/白云母，黑云母，云母，绿泥石，高岭石，复层ver石-亚氯酸盐，ver石-伊利石和蒙脱石） -伊利石和氧化铁（针铁矿和赤铁矿）。次要矿物质（金红石，锐钛矿，钛铁矿，锆石，星形石，独居石，重晶石（重晶石，磷灰石，红柱石，石榴石和钛矿）也通过继承而集中在重的细砂中。但是，也有确凿的证据表明这些土壤中金红石的新形成，以前从未报道过。此外，我们报告（a）在细砂（SiO₂ / CaO，耐候化学指数（CIW），帕克耐候指数（WIP），耐候指数（WI），基本耗竭指数（BDI），耐候比（WR）和Sr / Zr与土壤年龄密切相关， （b）地球化学指标提供有关土壤起源的信息，并允许建立与“时间零”相对应的“临界点”；也就是说，母体材料发生了成岩作用。