Farming practices that integrate plastic film mulching and nitrogen (N) fertilization have been extensively used to enhance crop productivity. However, the interactive effects of mulching and N application on soil microbial properties and crop yields have received little attention. A 2‐year field experiment was carried out in the Loess Plateau to investigate the independent and combined effects of plastic mulch and N application rate on the soil microbial population, enzymatic activity and grain yield. From 2016 to 2017, two mulching patterns (i.e., plastic mulching and no mulching) were exposed to five different N application rates (0 (N₀), 80 (N₈₀), 160 (N₁₆₀), 200 (N₂₀₀) and 240 (N₂₄₀) kg N ha⁻¹). N application significantly affected the soil microbial community composition, as suggested by significant increases in soil total bacteria, cellulose‐decomposing bacteria and the bacterial‐to‐fungal ratio with N rates. In contrast, the mulching pattern significantly affected soil extracellular enzyme production. Furthermore, there were significant effects of mulching, N application and their interaction on grain yield. The highest grain yield (11,728 kg N ha⁻¹ in 2016 and 12,350 kg N ha⁻¹ in 2017) in both growing seasons was consistently obtained under plastic mulching with a N level of 200 kg N ha⁻¹. Our study showed that plastic mulching significantly affected extracellular enzyme production, and N fertilizer application significantly affected the composition of the soil microbial community.

中文翻译：

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旱地玉米种植制度下地膜和氮肥对土壤微生物群落，酶活性和产量的影响

结合了塑料薄膜覆盖和氮（N）施肥的耕作方法已广泛用于提高农作物的生产力。然而，地膜覆盖和氮肥交互作用对土壤微生物特性和农作物产量的影响很少受到关注。在黄土高原进行了为期两年的田间试验，研究了塑料覆盖和氮肥施用量对土壤微生物种群，酶活性和谷物产量的独立和综合影响。从2016年到2017年，两种覆盖模式（即塑料覆盖和不覆盖）分别暴露于五种不同的N施用率（0（N ₀），80（N ₈₀），160（N ₁₆₀），200（N ₂₀₀）和240（N ₂₄₀）千克N公顷^-1）。氮肥的施用显着增加了土壤总细菌，分解纤维素的细菌和细菌与真菌的比例，表明氮肥对土壤微生物群落组成的影响很大。相反，覆盖模式显着影响土壤细胞外酶的产生。此外，地膜覆盖，施氮和它们之间的相互作用对籽粒产量都有显着影响。最高产量（11728千克Ñ公顷^-1在2016年和12350千克Ñ公顷^-1在2017）在两个生长季节是一贯下覆膜与氮水平200公斤氮公顷获得^-1。我们的研究表明，地膜覆盖显着影响细胞外酶的产生，而氮肥的施用则显着影响土壤微生物群落的组成。