Recognition of the Trachypetidae stat.n. as a new extant family of Ichneumonoidea (Hymenoptera), based on molecular and morphological evidence,Systematic Entomology

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Recognition of the Trachypetidae stat.n. as a new extant family of Ichneumonoidea (Hymenoptera), based on molecular and morphological evidence
Systematic Entomology ( IF 4.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-17 , DOI: 10.1111/syen.12426
Donald L. J. Quicke _{1,

2} , Andrew D. Austin ₃ , Erinn P. Fagan‐Jeffries ₃ , Paul D.N. Hebert ₄ , Buntika A. Butcher _{1,

2}

Affiliation

The Trachypetinae (type genus Trachypetus Guérin de Méneville) comprise seven species of large‐bodied wasps in three genera (Cercobarcon Tobias, Megalohelcon Turner and Trachypetus) endemic to continental Australia. Historically they have been variously treated, as members of the Helconinae in the case of Megalohelcon, or as separate subfamilies (Cercobarconinae and Trachypetinae). Some 25 years ago they were united in a single subfamily, the Trachypetinae, based on a number of characters. Although there has been conflicting evidence from morphological and molecular phylogenetic studies as to how best to treat the group, there has been a growing consensus that they fall outside the rest of the Braconidae, although taxon sampling has been a limiting factor for molecular studies. We generated a molecular dataset comprising five gene fragments (nuclear 28S ribosomal rDNA, nuclear 18S, elongation factor 1‐alpha, mitochondrial 16S rDNA, and mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1) for a taxonomically broad range of Braconidae, Ichneumonidae, trachypetines and outgroup hymenopterans including the first molecular data for the trachypetines Cercobarcon and Trachypetus obtained using specially designed internal primers. Molecular and combined molecular and morphological analyses confirm the monophyly of the Trachypetinae and robustly place them as sister to the Braconidae. Detailed morphological analysis including newly recognized characters shows that trachypetines lack several synapomorphies that define the Braconidae, and that they possess a number of symplesiomorphies absent from this family but found in some ichneumonids. We conclude that family‐level status is warranted for the group based on both molecular and morphological criteria, and hence we propose the new family, Trachypetidae Schulz stat.n. (type genus Trachypetus Guérin de Méneville), for it. As a result, the remaining extant Braconidae become clearly defined based on synapomorphies not present in Trachypetidae stat.n.

中文翻译：

Trachypetidae stat.n. 的识别作为 Ichneumonoidea（膜翅目）的一个新的现存家族，基于分子和形态学证据

Trachypetinae（类型属 Trachypetus Guérin de Méneville）包括澳大利亚大陆特有的三个属（Cercobarcon Tobias、Megalohelcon Turner 和 Trachypetus）的七种大型黄蜂。从历史上看，它们被不同地对待，在 Megalohelcon 的情况下作为 Helconinae 的成员，或作为单独的亚科（Cercobarconinae 和 Trachypetinae）。大约 25 年前，根据许多特征，它们被统一在一个亚科 Trachypetinae 中。尽管形态学和分子系统发育研究关于如何最好地治疗该群体存在相互矛盾的证据，但越来越多的人一致认为它们不属于 Braconidae 科的其余部分，尽管分类单元采样一直是分子研究的限制因素。我们生成了一个包含五个基因片段（核 28S 核糖体 rDNA、核 18S、延伸因子 1-alpha、线粒体 16S rDNA 和线粒体细胞色素氧化酶亚基 1）的分子数据集，用于分类学上广泛的 Braconidae、Ichneumonidae、trachypetines 和 outgrouphyoptines使用专门设计的内部引物获得的 trachypetines Cercobarcon 和 Trachypetus 的第一个分子数据。分子和组合分子和形态分析证实了 Trachypetinae 的单系性，并有力地将它们作为 Braconidae 的姐妹。详细的形态学分析包括新识别的特征表明 trachypetines 缺乏几个定义 Braconidae 的突触形态，并且它们具有一些在这个科中没有但在一些 ichneumonids 中发现的 symplesiomorphies。我们得出结论，基于分子和形态学标准，该群体的家族水平地位是有保证的，因此我们提出了新的家族 Trachypetidae Schulz stat.n。（类型属 Trachypetus Guérin de Méneville），为它。因此，根据 Trachypetidae stat.n 中不存在的突触形态，剩余现存的 Braconidae 变得清晰。

更新日期：2020-02-17

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