This study explores the viability of using simulated monthly runoff as a proxy for landscape‐scale surface‐depression storage processes simulated by the United States Geological Survey’s National Hydrologic Model (NHM) infrastructure across the conterminous United States (CONUS). Two different temporal resolution model codes (daily and monthly) were run in the NHM with the same spatial discretization. Simulated values of daily surface‐depression storage (treated as a decimal fraction of maximum volume) as computed by the daily Precipitation‐Runoff Modeling System (NHM‐PRMS) and normalized runoff (0 to 1) as computed by the Monthly Water Balance Model (NHM‐MWBM) were aggregated to monthly and annual values for each hydrologic response unit (HRU) in the CONUS geospatial fabric (HRU; n = 109,951) and analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation test. Correlations between simulated runoff and surface‐depression storage aggregated to monthly and annual values were compared to identify where which time scale had relatively higher correlation values across the CONUS. Results show Spearman’s rank values >0.75 (highly correlated) for the monthly time scale in 28,279 HRUs (53.35%) compared to the annual time scale in 41,655 HRUs (78.58%). The geographic distribution of HRUs with highly correlated monthly values show areas where surface‐depression storage features are known to be common (e.g., Prairie Pothole Region, Florida).

中文翻译：

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连续美国模拟流域尺度地表凹陷的储水和径流的时空变化

这项研究探索了使用模拟的每月径流作为美国地质调查局全国水文模型（NHM）基础设施在整个美国本土（CONUS）进行模拟的景观尺度地表凹陷存储过程的可行性。在NHM中使用相同的空间离散化运行了两个不同的时间分辨率模型代码（每日和每月）。由每日降水-径流建模系统（NHM-PRMS）计算的每日地面凹陷存储的模拟值（以最大体积的十进制分数形式处理）和由月水平衡模型计算的归一化径流（0到1）（ NHM-MWBM）汇总为CONUS地理空间结构（HRU; n）中每个水文响应单位（HRU）的月度和年度值 = 109,951），并使用Spearman秩相关检验进行分析。比较了模拟径流和地表凹陷存储之间的相关性（汇总为月度和年度值），以确定哪个时间尺度在整个CONUS上具有相对较高的相关值。结果显示，Spearman在28,279 HRU（53.35％）中的每月时间尺度的等级值> 0.75（高度相关），而在41,655 HRU中的年度时间尺度中的等级值（78.58％）。与月度值高度相关的HRUs的地理分布显示了已知地表凹陷存储特征普遍存在的地区（例如，佛罗里达州的Porrieie Pothole Region）。