Water quality was monitored along an Andean river of global importance using the freshwater bivalve Diplodon chilensis as sentinel species. Bivalves were placed in cages at three sites (S1–3) in the Chimehuin River in order to evaluate the long‐term effects of a trout hatchery (S2) and the open dump and sewage treatment plant of a nearby city (S3). Water samples and bivalves were collected at 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months, from S3, S2 and from a reference site upstream (S1), and physicochemical parameters and the biological response of the caged bivalves were studied. ROS production, antioxidant response, oxidative damage, energy status and morphometric ratios were included as response biomarkers. Most of biomarkers showed site and time dependence including bivalves transplanted at S1, revealing natural variability. Both anthropogenic perturbed sites (S2 and S3) showed differences in the exposed bivalves with respect to the reference site (S1) in their biomarker responses after 9 and 12 months of exposure (July and September, respectively). Multivariate analysis showed alterations in hemocytes (ROS, TOSC and NRRT50), in energy balance in digestive gland (energy and DGF) and in the detoxification response (GST) and GSH values in gill when bivalves were exposed to hatchery waste; whereas metal and bacterial pollution (S3 in July) caused GSH increase and a reduction of lysosomal damage in hemocytes. Results show that changes in the water quality of Chimehuin River due to the anthropogenic impact can be detected using the biomarkers analysed on D. chilensis, being a useful tool for studies of long‐term monitories.

中文翻译：

---

水质对关在北巴塔哥尼亚河（阿根廷）不同地点的淡水双壳双歧双足动物（Unionida：Hyriidae）的长期影响

使用淡水双壳类双齿龙对全球重要的安第斯河沿线的水质进行监测作为前哨物种。将双壳类动物放在Chimehuin河的三个地点（S1-3）的笼子中，以评估鳟鱼孵化场（S2）和附近城市的露天垃圾场和污水处理厂（S3）的长期影响。在第0、3、6、9和12个月分别从S3，S2和上游上游参考点（S1）收集水样和双壳类动物，研究了笼养双壳类动物的理化参数和生物学响应。ROS产生，抗氧化剂响应，氧化损伤，能量状态和形态计量比被包括为响应生物标记。大多数生物标记物显示出位置和时间依赖性，包括在S1移植的双壳类动物，显示出自然变异性。在暴露9个月和12个月后（分别为7月和9月），两个人为干扰的位点（S2和S3）在暴露的双壳类动物的生物标志物反应方面均显示出与参考位点（S1）不同。多变量分析表明，当双壳类动物接触孵化场废物时，血细胞（ROS，TOSC和NRRT50），消化腺的能量平衡（能量和DGF）以及g的解毒反应（GST）和GSH值发生了变化。而金属和细菌污染（7月的S3）导致GSH升高，血细胞溶酶体损伤减少。结果表明，使用人为因素分析的生物标记物可以检测到人为影响导致的Chimehuin河水质变化。多变量分析表明，当双壳类动物接触孵化场废物时，血细胞（ROS，TOSC和NRRT50），消化腺的能量平衡（能量和DGF）以及g的解毒反应（GST）和GSH值发生了变化。而金属和细菌污染（7月的S3）导致GSH升高，血细胞溶酶体损伤减少。结果表明，使用人为因素分析的生物标记物可以检测到人为影响导致的Chimehuin河水质变化。多变量分析表明，当双壳类动物接触孵化场废物时，血细胞（ROS，TOSC和NRRT50），消化腺的能量平衡（能量和DGF）以及g的解毒反应（GST）和GSH值发生了变化。而金属和细菌污染（7月的S3）导致GSH升高，血细胞溶酶体损伤减少。结果表明，使用人为因素分析的生物标记物可以检测到人为影响导致的Chimehuin河水质变化。D. chilensis，是长期监测研究的有用工具。