Water cycles are expected to change globally with predicted climate warming. Yet predicted shifts in hydrological regimes are rarely incorporated into wetland restoration planning, despite large investments in projects very susceptible to hydrological changes. We assessed potential effects of climate change on previously restored wetlands to identify siting and design issues for use in guiding adaptive management or planning future restoration projects. Five United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources Conservation Service Wetland Reserve Easements in Genesee County, New York, were studied from 2013 through 2014. Elevations of surface water and groundwater were monitored, piezometric measurements made, and water chemistry and plant community data collected. Precipitation, surface water, and groundwater hydrologic data were used to relate each restored wetland to vulnerability of climate change. Although all five sites were functioning as planned, three sites had less vulnerability to climate change due to their connection to more stable sources of groundwater, position within the hydrological landscape, or design features that mimic the natural landscape. Suggestions for adaptive management on already implemented projects include actively managing water‐control structures, enhancing microtopography, and increasing plant diversity by planting or seeding. Potential sites for future restoration projects should be ranked based on location in the watershed, presence of hydric soils, past and potential hydrological connections, and sustainability of hydrology, especially groundwater sourcing. Design options should attempt to mimic natural landscape features, refrain from overengineering, and allow for flexible management of hydroperiods.

中文翻译：

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气候变化对NRCS湿地恢复活动的潜在影响：生态水文学评估

随着预计的气候变暖，全球水循环将发生变化。尽管对易受水文变化影响的项目进行了大量投资，但预测的水文体制变化很少纳入湿地恢复规划中。我们评估了气候变化对先前恢复的湿地的潜在影响，以确定选址和设计问题，以指导适应性管理或规划未来的恢复项目。从2013年至2014年，对纽约Genesee县的五个美国农业部自然资源保护服务湿地保护区地役权进行了研究。监测了地表水和地下水的海拔高度，进行了压力测量，收集了水化学和植物群落数据。降水，地表水，利用地下水水文数据将每个恢复的湿地与气候变化的脆弱性联系起来。尽管所有五个站点都按计划运行，但三个站点由于与更稳定的地下水源，水文景观中的位置或模仿自然景观的设计特征相关联，因此对气候变化的脆弱性较小。对已经实施的项目进行适应性管理的建议包括积极管理水控制结构，增强微观形貌以及通过种植或播种增加植物多样性。应根据集水区的位置，水合土壤的存在，过去和潜在的水文联系以及水文学的可持续性，尤其是地下水的来源，对未来恢复项目的潜在地点进行排名。