To preserve the natural genetic pattern of species and to avoid the introduction of nonadapted ecotypes during restoration, seed transfer should be spatially restricted. Instead of applying administrative borders in the absence of species-specific empirical data, biogeographical knowledge can be used as a proxy. Hungary was used as a suitable test region for this approach. The aims of the study were (1) to produce an evidence-based seed transfer zone (STZ) map applying the Multiple Potential Natural Vegetation model; (2) to assess the uncertainty of the resulting STZ map; and (3) to compare the present seed transfer regulation based on administrative regions with the evidence-based STZmap. The analysis was based on a floristic map, a vegetation map, and a landscape map of Hungary. Intersected polygons of the three maps were filled withMultiple Potential Natural Vegetation data and clustered to produce seven contiguous units that can serve as STZs. The uncertainty analyses provided a numerical comparison between the two approaches and demonstrated the inadequacy of defining administrative regions as STZs. The practical result of the study is the production of an evidence-based STZ map that could replace the administrative map currently used for regulation in Hungary. Moreover, this map helps to develop native seed propagation and to enhance ecological restoration. We conclude that field-based potential vegetation models, similar to the Multiple Potential Natural Vegetation, are suitable for STZ development in countries lacking an evidence-based system for seed transfer.

中文翻译：

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基于环境变量的种子转移区比行政单位更能反映植被的可变性：来自匈牙利的证据

为了保护物种的自然遗传模式并避免在恢复过程中引入不适应的生态型，应在空间上限制种子转移。生物地理知识可以用作替代物，而不是在缺乏特定物种经验数据的情况下应用行政边界。匈牙利被用作这种方法的合适测试区域。该研究的目的是 (1) 应用多潜在自然植被模型生成基于证据的种子转移区 (STZ) 地图；(2) 评估所得 STZ 图的不确定性；(3) 将现行的基于行政区域的种子转移监管与基于证据的 STZmap 进行比较。该分析基于植物区系图、植被图和匈牙利的景观图。三张地图的相交多边形填充有多种潜在自然植被数据，并聚集在一起产生七个可用作 STZ 的连续单元。不确定性分析提供了两种方法之间的数值比较，并证明了将行政区域定义为 STZ 的不足之处。该研究的实际结果是制作了一张基于证据的 STZ 地图，可以取代目前匈牙利监管使用的行政地图。此外，该地图有助于发展本地种子繁殖和加强生态恢复。我们得出结论，基于田间的潜在植被模型，类似于多重潜在自然植被，适用于缺乏基于证据的种子转移系统的国家的 STZ 开发。