The Society for Ecological Restoration (SER) Primer identifies key ecosystem attributes for evaluating restoration outcome. Broad attribute categories could be necessary due to the large variety of restoration projects, but could make overall evaluations and assessments challenging and might hamper the development of sound and successful restoration. In this study we carry out a systematic review of scientific papers addressing evaluation of restoration outcome. We include 104 studies published after 2010 from Europe or North America, representing different types of restoration projects in terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems. We explore the main ecological and socioeconomic attributes used to evaluate restoration outcome, and related indicators and specific methods applied to measure this, in relation to ecosystem and type of restoration project. We identify a wide range of indicators within each attribute, and show that very different methods are employed to measure them. This complexity reduces the opportunity for meaningful comparison and standardization of evaluation of restoration outcome, within and between ecosystems. Socioeconomic indicators are rarely used to evaluate restoration outcome, and studies including both ecological and socioeconomic indicators are nearly absent. Based on our findings we discuss whether standardization and streamlining of indicators is useful to improve the evaluation of “on the ground” restoration, or if this is not appropriate given the diversity of goals and ecosystems involved. Species‐specific traits are used in many projects and should be considered as an addition to the original SER attributes. Furthermore, we discuss the potential for restoration evaluation that encompasses not only assessment of ecological but also socioeconomic indicators.

中文翻译：

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从科学文献中学习：衡量“成功”的指标是否可以在“现场”修复中标准化？

生态恢复协会（SER）入门手册确定了关键的生态系统属性，用于评估恢复结果。由于修复项目的种类繁多，可能需要广泛的属性类别，但可能会使总体评估和评估具有挑战性，并可能阻碍健全和成功的修复的发展。在这项研究中，我们对解决恢复结果评估的科学论文进行了系统的综述。我们纳入了2010年后从欧洲或北美发布的104项研究，这些研究代表了陆地和淡水生态系统中不同类型的恢复项目。我们探索了用于评估恢复结果的主要生态和社会经济属性，以及与生态系统和恢复项目类型有关的相关指标和用于测量此结果的特定方法。我们在每个属性中标识了广泛的指标，并表明采用了非常不同的方法来对其进行度量。这种复杂性减少了在生态系统之内和之间进行有意义的比较和标准化恢复结果评估的机会。很少使用社会经济指标来评估恢复结果，几乎没有包括生态和社会经济指标在内的研究。根据我们的发现，我们讨论指标的标准化和简化对改善“实地”恢复的评估是否有用，或者鉴于所涉及的目标和生态系统的多样性，这种做法是否不合适。在许多项目中使用了特定于物种的特征，应将其视为原始SER属性的补充。此外，