1. Tetraodontiformes fishes play a critical role in benthic and demersal communities and are facing threats due to anthropogenic impacts and climate change. However, they are poorly studied worldwide. To improve knowledge on the socio‐ecological significance and conservation of Tetraodontiformes a review of literature addressing the diversity, ecology, use and trade, conservation, and main threats of Tetraodontiformes combined with a comprehensive in situ dataset from two broad‐range multidisciplinary oceanographic surveys performed along the Tropical Brazilian Continental Shelf was undertaken.
2. Twenty‐nine species were identified, being primarily found on coral reefs and algal ecosystems. At these habitats, tetraodontids present highly diversified trophic categories and might play an important role by balancing the marine food web
3. Coral reef ecosystems, especially those near to the shelf break, seem to be the most important areas of Tetraodontiformes fishes, concentrating the highest values of species richness, relative abundance and the uncommon and Near Threatened species.
4. Ninety per cent of species are commonly caught as bycatch, being also used in the ornamental trade (69%) and as food (52%), serving as an important source of income for artisanal local fisheries.
5. Tetraodontiformes are threatened by unregulated fisheries, overexploitation, bycatch, and habitat loss due to coral reef degradation and the potential effects of climate change. These factors are more broadly impacting global biodiversity, food security, and other related ecosystem functions upon which humans and many other organisms rely.
6. We recommend the following steps that could improve the conservation of Tetraodontiformes along the tropical Brazilian Continental shelf and elsewhere: (i) data collection of the commercial, incidental, ornamental and recreational catches; (ii) improvement of the current legislation directed at the marine ornamental harvesting; (iii) increase efforts focused on the education and conservation awareness in coastal tourism and communities; and, most important, (iv) creation of marine reserves networks in priority areas of conservation, protecting either the species and key habitats for its survival.

中文翻译：

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四齿形鱼类的生物多样性，生态，渔业以及使用和贸易揭示了它们在热带巴西大陆架上的社会生态意义

1. 四齿类鱼类在底栖和深海群落中起着关键作用，并由于人为影响和气候变化而面临威胁。但是，它们在世界范围内研究不足。为了增进对四齿齿形动物的社会生态学意义和保护的认识，结合四齿形海洋学调查的综合原位数据集，对四齿齿形动物的多样性，生态学，使用和贸易，保护以及主要威胁进行了文献综述。沿热带巴西大陆架进行。
2. 已鉴定出29种，主要发现在珊瑚礁和藻类生态系统中。在这些生境中，四齿类动物呈现出高度多样化的营养类别，并可能通过平衡海洋食物网而发挥重要作用。
3. 珊瑚礁生态系统，尤其是那些靠近陆架断裂的珊瑚礁生态系统，似乎是四齿形鱼类最重要的区域，集中了物种丰富度，相对丰度以及不常见和濒临灭绝物种的最高价值。
4. 百分之九十的物种通常被捕获为兼捕，也被用于观赏贸易（69％）和粮食（52％），是当地手工渔业的重要收入来源。
5. 由于珊瑚礁退化和气候变化的潜在影响，四齿形鱼类面临着不受监管的渔业，过度开发，兼捕和栖息地丧失的威胁。这些因素正在更广泛地影响人类和许多其他生物所依赖的全球生物多样性，粮食安全和其他相关生态系统功能。
6. 我们建议采取以下步骤，以改善热带巴西大陆架和其他地方的四齿动物的保护：（i）商业，附带，观赏和娱乐性捕获物的数据收集；（ii）改进针对海洋观赏性捕捞的现行立法；（iii）加大力度，注重沿海旅游和社区的教育和保护意识；最重要的是，（iv）在优先保护领域建立海洋保护区网络，以保护物种和主要栖息地为其生存。