1. Marine communities have long been impacted by human activities, but the quantification of human‐driven changes often relies on recent data. This is because historical data on fish populations are lacking and are challenging to include in contemporary stock and ecological assessments. As a result, the impacts of early fishing pressure on marine communities are generally poorly documented worldwide.
2. Marine communities of Southeast Australia have a relatively short history of exploitation compared with other temperate systems and were sampled before and after the onset of commercial fishing. As such, they provide a rare opportunity to identify historical baselines and to understand ecological changes after the onset of commercial exploitation.
3. This study compares survey data collected around Tasmania, Southeast Australia, in 1909–1910 with data from the 1980s. The period considered precedes the establishment of a trawl fishery in Southeast Australia in 1915, of other important commercial fisheries in Tasmania, and of a fisheries data collection programme in 1984. Nominal catch rates are used to examine changes across all families of demersal fish recorded in catches and generalized linear models are used to estimate and compare standardized indices of abundance between the 1909–1910 and 1980s data for key commercial families.
4. Results show significant, and thus far unreported, fishing‐induced changes in marine communities after the establishment of commercial fishing in the region. Changes mostly relate to shifts in catch composition and steep declines in the abundance of the main commercial families.
5. This study illustrates a method for analysing low‐quality historical catch data and provides estimates of pre‐commercial fishing abundance that can be included in stock and ecological assessments. More broadly, this study demonstrates the significant role of early fishing in shaping marine communities and increases our understanding about general patterns of exploitation that have been difficult to identify with longer but less detailed fishing histories.

中文翻译：

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在开采开始时确定历史基线，以增进对捕鱼影响的了解

1. 海洋社区长期以来一直受到人类活动的影响，但是人类驱动的变化的量化通常依赖于最新数据。这是因为缺乏有关鱼类种群的历史数据，并且很难将其包括在当代种群和生态评估中。结果，在全球范围内，有关早期捕鱼压力对海洋社区的影响的文献很少。
2. 与其他温带系统相比，澳大利亚东南部的海洋社区的剥削历史相对较短，并且是在商业捕鱼开始之前和之后进行采样的。因此，它们提供了难得的机会来确定历史基线并了解商业开发开始后的生态变化。
3. 这项研究将1909年至1910年在澳大利亚东南部塔斯马尼亚岛附近收集的调查数据与1980年代的数据进行了比较。在此之前的时期是在1915年在澳大利亚东南部建立拖网渔业，在塔斯马尼亚州建立其他重要商业渔业以及在1984年建立渔业数据收集计划之前。标称捕捞率用于检查记录在海底鱼类的所有家庭的变化。渔获量和广义线性模型用于估计和比较1909–1910年和1980年代关键商业家庭数据之间的标准化丰度指标。
4. 结果表明，在该地区建立商业性捕捞活动后，海洋社区发生了由捕鱼引起的重大变化，至今未见报道。变化主要与渔获物组成的变化和主要商业家庭的丰度急剧下降有关。
5. 这项研究说明了一种用于分析低质量历史渔获数据的方法，并提供了可纳入种群和生态评估的商业前捕捞丰度估计。更广泛地说，这项研究证明了早期捕捞在塑造海洋群落中的重要作用，并增加了我们对一般捕捞模式的理解，这些捕捞模式难以用较长但不太详细的捕捞历史来确定。